Garbage collection
Contents
- 1 Problem definition
- 2 Method
- 3 Model
- 3.1 Variables
- 3.1.1 Waste
- 3.1.2 Creation
- 3.1.3 Processed
- 3.1.4 Recycling
- 3.1.5 Recycling rate
- 3.1.6 Incineration
- 3.1.7 Incineration rate
- 3.1.8 Landfilling
- 3.1.9 Landfilling rate
- 3.1.10 Recycled
- 3.1.11 Manufacturing material
- 3.1.12 Other disposal
- 3.1.13 Other disposal rate
- 3.1.14 Primary resources
- 3.1.15 Manufacturing waste
- 3.1.16 Waste creation rate
- 3.1.17 Municipal waste
- 3.1.18 Population
- 3.1.19 Average consumption per capita
- 3.1 Variables
- 4 Results
- 5 Conclusion
- 6 Code
- 7 References
Problem definition
Waste processing in the 21st century is increasingly more characterized by efforts to protect the environment and ensure sustainable development - a sign of circular economy which aims to combine the environmental benefits with socioeconomic positive impact. The simulation focuses on the total amount of waste created by manufacturers and inhabitants of Prague. The waste is then processed in one of 4 ways - recycling, incineration, landfilling, or other disposal. Among variables which have an impact on the system are primary resources used for manufacturing, population of the city and an average consumption per capita. Simulation will run in months and waste is measured in tonnes. The purpose of this simulation is to predict waste production and waste processing for year 2020 based on the data from 2019.
Method
For the purpose specified in the problem definition Vensim PLE modelling software was chosen.
Model
Variables
Waste
Represents total volume of produced waste. Starting value is 0
Creation
Volume of produced waste in a month. Creation = Municipal waste + Manufacturing waste
Processed
Total volume of processed waste. Consists of recycling, incineration, landfilling, and other disposal. Processed = Creation
Recycling
Total volume of processed waste by recycling. Recycling = Creation * Recycling rate
Recycling rate
How many per cent of total waste is being recycled. Recycling rate = 0,845 [1]
Incineration
Total volume of processed waste by incineration. Incineration = Creation * Incineration rate
Incineration rate
How many per cent of total waste is being incinerated. Incineration rate = 0,035 [1]
Landfilling
Total volume of waste processed by landfilling. Stock pile = Creation * Landfilling rate
Landfilling rate
How many per cent of total waste is being landfilled. Landfilling rate = 0,095 [1]
Recycled
Volume of recycled waste in a month. Starting value is 355 793 (average for one month in Prague in 2019) [2]. Recycled = (Creation * Recycling rate) - Recycled
Manufacturing material
Volume of material used in manufacturing during month which consists of primary resources and secondary (recycled waste). Material = Recycled + Primary resources
Other disposal
Other disposal represents total volume of uses of waste other than recycling, incineration, and landfilling. Other disposal = Creation* Other disposal rate
Other disposal rate
How many per cent of total waste is being disposed of in other ways. Other disposal rate = 0,025 [1]
Primary resources
Primary resources represents the resources that are used in manufacturing which were not recycled. Primary resources = RANDOM NORMAL (974240, 2000000, 1487120, 100000, 0)
Manufacturing waste
Waste created by manufacturing. Manufacturing waste = Manufacturing materials * Waste creation rate
Waste creation rate
Represents how many per cent of waste is created from manufacturing. Waste creation rate = 0,2
Municipal waste
Municipal waste = Population * Average consumption per capita
Population
Population = 1 331 464 [3]
Average consumption per capita
Municipal waste in Prague was 721 000 tonnes in 2019 [2]. Municipal waste divided by total population of Prague is 0.548 tonnes per capita in a year (2019)[2]. 0,548/12 = 0,04566 tonnes of created municipal waste per capita in one month. Average consumption per capita in a month = 0,04566
Results
The estimation for the total waste produced in 2020 is 5 174 220 tonnes based on the results of the simulation. For comparison, according to MŽP, the total produced waste in 2019 was 5 144 000 tonnes.
Total of 4 372 220 tonnes was recycled (84,5 % of total volume), 181 098 tonnes was incinerated (3,5 %), 491 551 was landfilled (9,5 %) and the rest (2,5 %) was disposed of in other ways.
Conclusion
The numbers in the simulation are based on the latest available data (from 2019). Because of the nature of the data, which are presented in years, I divided the volume of total recycled waste by 12 to get the "average month" in 2019 to simulate evolvement in 2020 by adjusting the population. Total volume of recycled waste was calculated by (total created waste in Prague)*0,845[1]. From the simulation an estimation was created for year 2020 (which has not been documented yet). The goal was to simulate 12 months in 2020 (12 steps). Step 0 represents average month from 2019 to start the simulation.
Code
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Ministerstvo životního prostředí Souhrnná data o odpadovém hospodářství ČR v letech 2009 - 2019[online]. Available from: https://www.mzp.cz/C1257458002F0DC7/cz/odpady_podrubrika/$FILE/OODP-Souhrnna_data_2009_2019-20201119.002.pdf
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ministerstvo životního prostředí Produkce odpadů v krajích České republiky, 2010 - 2019[online]. Available from: https://www.mzp.cz/C1257458002F0DC7/cz/odpady_podrubrika/$FILE/OODP-Produkce_kraje_2019-20201119.002.pdf
- ↑ Český statistický úřad Nejnovější údaje: Hl. m. Praha[online]. Available from: https://www.czso.cz/csu/xa/1-xa
