Game theory

The beginning of the game theory began in 1944, when the book called The Game Theory and Economic Behavior by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern was written.

Game theory is a branch of, originally, applied mathematics, used mostly in economics and political science, a little bit in biology, that gives us a mathematical taxonomy of social life and it predicts what people are likely to do and believe others will do in cases where everyone's actions affect everyone else. That's a lot of things: competition, cooperation, bargaining, games like hide-and-seek, and poker. (Camerer, 2013)