Cotton Processing Quality: Cotton, Seed, Lint, Trash
Contents
INTRODUCTION
The Cotton is a raw resource for different kind of products: cottonseed, cottonseed oil, cotton fiber, lint, textile products and etc. However, processing of raw cotton is very complex process and requires different steps, operations and inputs. Simultaneously, outputs (cotton products) and price of this products depend on various factors and quality indicators. For instances, moisture level and trash level of raw cotton.
PROBLEM DEFINITION
Outputs of cotton processing depends on different quality indicators which impact price of the product and eventually profit of the company. On the other hand, company supplies raw cotton from farmers based on the initial agreement before planting cotton and pays money based on the quality (trash level and moisture level) after harvesting. Initial agreement includes providing pesticides, irrigation systems, fertilizers, harvesting technologies and other agriculture services, which is calculated on a basis of cultivated land. As a problem, company should decide on the price (supplied raw cotton and output products) and estimate overall profit at the end of production cycles.
DATA & METHODOLOGY
Data used for defining variables and equations was taken from the real life examples of the Cotton Processing Company operated in Azerbaijan. Prices and cost rates were defined based on the averages of existing data. Quality levels were defined based on standards in the cotton processing sector.
Vensim application was used for simulating dynamics of the process.
Following process map indicates general steps of the cotton processing starting from raw cotton and finishing with different cotton products
MODEL
Stock flow diagram of the problem was described in the model below:
Following variables and equations was used in the model:
1. Weather and other natural conditions: This factors are random and uncertain. We can describe them using scale from 0 to 1. In ideal situation (1) all the conditions for fertility will be meet and output from land will be as expected (same as land fertility).
Expression: RANDOM NORMAL( 0 , 1 , 0.7 , 0.05 , 100 )
2. Area of Land: Company works with small, medium and large land owners. Minimum area of land is 50 hectares and maximum is 750 hectares.
Expression: RANDOM NORMAL( 50 , 750 , 400 , 50 , 100 )
3. Land fertility: Within range 1.50 and 2.80 tons per hectare.
Expression: RANDOM NORMAL( 1.5 , 2.8 , 2 , 0.1 , 100 )
4. Insects and other disease: This factor is random and uncertain. We can describe them using scale from 0 to 1. In ideal situation (1) all the conditions for fertility will be meet and output from land will be as expected (same as land fertility).
Expression RANDOM NORMAL( 0 , 1 , 0.7 , 0.05 , 100 )
5. Raw Cotton:
Expression: INTEG(Land Fertility*Area of land*Insects and other disease*Weather and other natural conditions,0)
6.Trash level:Raw cotton received from the farmer expected to have following level of trash.
Expression: RANDOM NORMAL( 10 , 18 , 15 , 0.5 , 100 )
7.Moisture level:Raw cotton received from the farmer expected to have following level of trash.
Expression: RANDOM NORMAL( 12 , 18 , 15 , 0.5 , 100 )
8.Dried and cleaned raw cotton:After drying and cleaning steps, remaining raw cotton wit acceptable level of trash and moisture will be moved to the next processing steps.
Expression: Raw Cotton-Trash and Moisture waste
9.Trash and Moisture waste:
Expression: Raw Cotton*(Moisture level + Trash level-5)/100
10.Planting cost rate:
RANDOM NORMAL( 300 , 550 , 400 , 25 , 100 )
11.Planting Cost: Agriculture services provided by the company like fertilizers, irrigation systems and etc. Estimated based on the area of cultivated land.Those costs will be excluded from supply cost.
Expression: Area of land*Planting cost ratee
12.Supply Cost:
Expression: Price of Raw cotton*Raw Cotton-Planting Cost
13.Processing Cost:Estimated based on the amount of raw cotton.
Expression: Processing Cost Rate*Processing Time*Raw Cotton
14.Price of Raw Cotton:500 USD per tones is normal price under conditions that trash and moisture level in total will not exceed limit.
Expression: 500*(100-Trash level + Moisture level-10)/100
15.Cotton Fiber Normally it is 40% of the processed cotton.
Expression: INTEG((1-Lint level-Seed level)*Dried and Cleaned Cotton,0)
16.Lint Level
Expression: RANDOM NORMAL(0.07, 0.15 , 0.1 , 0.02 , 100)
17.Seed Level
Expression: RANDOM NORMAL( 0.45, 0.53 , 0.47, 0.05 , 100 )
18.Cotton Lint
Expression: INTEG(Lint level*Dried and Cleaned Cotton,0)
19.Cotton Seed
Expression: INTEG(Seed level*Dried and Cleaned Cotton,0)
20.Processing Cost Rate:Estimated based on the amount of raw cotton.
Expression: RANDOM NORMAL(170, 200 , 180 , 10 , 100 )
21.Processing Time:Can be controlled by the company, it defines cycles of the production with each cycle fiber quality and processing costs increase.
Expression: RANDOM NORMAL(170, 200 , 180 , 10 , 100 )
22.Fiber Quality:To certain extend processing cycles/time increase fiber quality.
Expression:IF THEN ELSE( Processing Time>2 , 1.6, 0.8*Processing Time)
23.Total Income:Price of each product is identified based on average market prices and random variable.
Expression:Fiber quality*RANDOM NORMAL(1600, 2000, 1800 , 30 , 100 )*Cotton fiber+Cotton seed*RANDOM NORMAL(150, 200, 170 , 10 , 100 )+Cotton Lint*RANDOM NORMAL(300, 450, 350 , 20 , 100 )+Trash and Moisture waste*50
24.Total Cost:Total cost of supplying and processing raw cotton.
Expression:Processing Cost+Supply Cost
25.Gross Profit:
Expression:INTEG(Total income-Total costs,0)
RESULTS
Following graphs indicate income, cost and gross profit of the company after accepted raw cotton from 10 farmers. As can be seen, income and cost fluctates but generally presents increasing trend. Gross profit of the company is expected to reach around 800,000 USD.
