;;netlogo sim - timm03 globals [ ;; Sliders / Switch in Interface: ;; - number-of-cars (int) ;; - road-spacing (int) ;; - base-speed (float) ;; - driver-error-rate (float) ;; - accident-duration (int) ;; - traffic-lights? (boolean switch) ;; Statistics total-cars-reached-destination total-cars-accident ;; how many cars died in accidents (cumulative) accident-count ;; how many total accidents have started average-speed average-congestion accident-percentage sum-travel-time ;; sum of time in system for all cars that exit count-completed-cars ;; how many cars reached destination average-travel-time ;; output metric accident-count-good accident-count-bad accident-count-very-bad sum-time-until-accident sum-distance-until-accident average-time-until-accident average-distance-until-accident ] patches-own [ is-road? ;; boolean: is this patch part of a road? is-intersection? ;; boolean: is this patch an intersection? lane-direction ;; forced heading: 0, 90, 180, 270, or -1 if intersection traffic-light? ;; does this patch have a traffic light? light-state ;; true=green, false=red has-accident? ;; boolean: accident currently on this patch? accident-lifetime ;; integer: how many ticks remain for this accident? road-condition ;; 0=good, 1=bad, 2=very bad (affects accident prob) ] breed [ cars car ] cars-own [ speed max-speed stopped-ticks destination ;; patch or nobody birth-tick ;; store the tick when the car is created distance-traveled ;; accumulates how far the car has moved ] ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; 1. SETUP ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to setup clear-all ;; Initialize stats set total-cars-reached-destination 0 set total-cars-accident 0 set accident-count 0 set average-speed 0 set average-congestion 0 set sum-travel-time 0 set count-completed-cars 0 set average-travel-time 0 set accident-count-good 0 set accident-count-bad 0 set accident-count-very-bad 0 set sum-time-until-accident 0 set sum-distance-until-accident 0 set average-time-until-accident 0 set average-distance-until-accident 0 setup-roads setup-intersections setup-traffic-lights setup-road-conditions reset-ticks create-initial-cars end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; 2. CREATE ROADS (TWO LANE, ONE-WAY) ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to setup-roads ask patches [ set is-road? false set is-intersection? false set traffic-light? false set light-state false set has-accident? false set accident-lifetime 0 set lane-direction 0 set road-condition 0 set pcolor green ] ;; 2-lane roads in x or y dimension let road-patches patches with [ (abs pxcor mod road-spacing <= 1) or (abs pycor mod road-spacing <= 1) ] ask road-patches [ set is-road? true set pcolor grey ] ;; Assign forced lane headings for non-intersection road patches ask road-patches [ let x-road? (abs pxcor mod road-spacing <= 1) let y-road? (abs pycor mod road-spacing <= 1) ;; purely vertical lane: pick 0 or 180 if (x-road? and not y-road?) [ ifelse (pxcor mod 2 = 0) [ set lane-direction 0 ] ;; "northbound" [ set lane-direction 180 ] ;; "southbound" ] ;; purely horizontal lane: pick 90 or 270 if (y-road? and not x-road?) [ ifelse (pycor mod 2 = 0) [ set lane-direction 90 ] ;; "eastbound" [ set lane-direction 270 ] ;; "westbound" ] ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; 3. INTERSECTIONS ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to setup-intersections ask patches with [is-road?] [ let x-road? (abs pxcor mod road-spacing <= 1) let y-road? (abs pycor mod road-spacing <= 1) ;; Intersection = patch that is both x-road & y-road if (x-road? and y-road?) [ set is-intersection? true set pcolor yellow set lane-direction -1 ;; means "all directions possible here" ] ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; 4. TRAFFIC LIGHTS ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to setup-traffic-lights if traffic-lights? [ ;; Turn on lights at each intersection ask patches with [is-intersection?] [ set traffic-light? true set light-state true ] ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; 5. ROAD CONDITIONS ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to setup-road-conditions let sum-prob (good-road-probability + bad-road-probability) ask patches with [is-road?] [ let r random-float 1 ifelse (r < good-road-probability) [ ;; (1) "Good" road set road-condition 0 set pcolor grey ] [ ifelse (r < sum-prob) [ ;; (2) "Bad" road set road-condition 1 set pcolor (grey - 2) ;; 5% chance to become "Very Bad" instead: if random-float 1 < 0.05 [ set road-condition 2 set pcolor orange ] ] [ set road-condition 0 set pcolor grey ] ] ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; 6. CREATE INITIAL CARS ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to create-initial-cars ask cars [ die ] ;; remove any old cars let valid-starts patches with [ is-road? and not has-accident? and not any? cars-here ] if not any? valid-starts [ user-message "No valid road patches for car creation!" stop ] create-cars min list number-of-cars (count valid-starts) [ set shape "car" set color blue set size 0.8 ;; pick a random road patch let start-patch one-of valid-starts move-to start-patch set valid-starts valid-starts with [self != start-patch] ;; If this patch is an intersection => pick a direction ifelse ([lane-direction] of patch-here = -1) [ set heading one-of [0 90 180 270] ] [ set heading [lane-direction] of patch-here ] set speed 0 set max-speed base-speed set stopped-ticks 0 set destination nobody set distance-traveled 0 set birth-tick ticks ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; 7. GO (MAIN LOOP) ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to go if not any? cars [ stop ] update-traffic-lights move-cars check-accidents clear-old-accidents update-statistics tick end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; 8. UPDATE TRAFFIC LIGHTS ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to update-traffic-lights if traffic-lights? [ ask patches with [is-intersection? and traffic-light?] [ ;; simple toggle every 30 ticks if (ticks mod 30 = 0) [ set light-state not light-state set pcolor ifelse-value light-state [green] [red] ] ] ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; 9. MOVE CARS ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to move-cars ask cars [ ;; Force lane direction let patch-lane [lane-direction] of patch-here ifelse patch-lane = -1 [ ;; intersection => pick a new direction each tick or once set heading one-of [0 90 180 270] ] [ ;; normal lane => enforce that heading set heading patch-lane ] ;; Decide if it's safe to move let safe-to-move? true ;; Check traffic light if [traffic-light?] of patch-here [ if not ([light-state] of patch-here) [ set safe-to-move? false ] ] ;; Check for cars ahead in same lane if any? cars-on patch-ahead 1 [ set safe-to-move? false ] ;; Move or slow ifelse safe-to-move? [ set speed min (list (speed + 0.1) max-speed) forward speed set distance-traveled distance-traveled + speed set stopped-ticks 0 ] [ set speed max (list (speed - 0.2) 0) set stopped-ticks (stopped-ticks + 1) ] ;; if the car leaves the grid: if not is-patch? patch-here [ set count-completed-cars (count-completed-cars + 1) ;; Add to sum-travel-time: set sum-travel-time (sum-travel-time + (ticks - birth-tick)) ;; Then die die ] if (max-pxcor - abs xcor) < 1 or (max-pycor - abs ycor) < 1 [ set total-cars-reached-destination (total-cars-reached-destination + 1) set count-completed-cars (count-completed-cars + 1) set sum-travel-time (sum-travel-time + (ticks - birth-tick)) die ] ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; 10. ACCIDENT LOGIC (EXPANDED) ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to check-accidents ;; For each car, compute probability of an accident ask cars [ if random-float 1 < calculate-accident-probability self [ create-accident self ] ] end to-report calculate-accident-probability [ c ] ;; Base accident probability from driver error let base (driver-error-rate * 0.00025) ;; Find the patch under turtle c (using c's pxcor, pycor) let p patch ([pxcor] of c) ([pycor] of c) ;; Road condition effect if [road-condition] of p = 1 [ set base (base * 2) ] if [road-condition] of p = 2 [ set base (base * 2.6) ] ;; Speed factor let speed-ratio ([speed] of c / [max-speed] of c) set base (base * (speed-ratio + 0.1)) ;; +0.1 so even slow cars have some chance ;; Congestion effect: how many other cars are within radius 1.5 of c let nearby-cars count cars with [ distance c < 1.5 ] set base (base + (nearby-cars * 0.0005)) ;; Intersection effect if [is-intersection?] of p [ set base (base * 1.5) ] ;; Cap at 1% (0.01) to avoid extreme probabilities report min (list base 0.1) end to create-accident [ c ] set accident-count (accident-count + 1) set total-cars-accident (total-cars-accident + 1) ;; Mark the patch let px ([pxcor] of c) let py ([pycor] of c) ask patch px py [ set has-accident? true set pcolor red set accident-lifetime accident-duration ;; Accidents by Road Condition: if (road-condition = 0) [ set accident-count-good (accident-count-good + 1) ] if (road-condition = 1) [ set accident-count-bad (accident-count-bad + 1) ] if (road-condition = 2) [ set accident-count-very-bad (accident-count-very-bad + 1) ] ] ;; Time & Distance to Accident: let time-until-accident (ticks - [birth-tick] of c) let dist-until-accident ([distance-traveled] of c) set sum-time-until-accident (sum-time-until-accident + time-until-accident) set sum-distance-until-accident (sum-distance-until-accident + dist-until-accident) ;; kill the car ask c [ die ] end to clear-old-accidents ;; Decrement accident-lifetime. When it hits 0, clear the patch. ask patches with [has-accident?] [ set accident-lifetime (accident-lifetime - 1) if (accident-lifetime <= 0) [ set has-accident? false ;; restore color based on road-condition if (road-condition = 0) [ set pcolor grey ] if (road-condition = 1) [ set pcolor (grey - 2) ] if (road-condition = 2) [ set pcolor orange ] ] ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;; 11. STATISTICS & PLOTS ;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; to update-statistics let car-count count cars let total-speed 0 if car-count > 0 [ set total-speed sum [speed] of cars set average-speed (total-speed / car-count) ] if car-count = 0 [ set average-speed 0 ] set average-congestion count cars with [ (stopped-ticks >= 2) and (any? cars-on patch-ahead 1) ] if number-of-cars > 0 [ set accident-percentage ((accident-count / number-of-cars) * 100) ] ;;Average travel time for cars that completed trip if count-completed-cars > 0 [ set average-travel-time (sum-travel-time / count-completed-cars) ] ;;Averages for time & distance until accident if accident-count > 0 [ set average-time-until-accident (sum-time-until-accident / accident-count) set average-distance-until-accident (sum-distance-until-accident / accident-count) ] ;; Plot them carefully [ set-current-plot "Average Speed" plot average-speed set-current-plot "Total Accidents" plot accident-count set-current-plot "Average Congestion" plot average-congestion ] [] end @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 631 53 1267 690 -1 -1 19.03030303030303 1 10 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -16 16 -16 16 1 1 1 ticks 30.0 SLIDER 18 42 190 75 number-of-cars number-of-cars 5 100 40.0 5 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 18 93 190 126 road-spacing road-spacing 1 10 7.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL BUTTON 209 41 273 74 Setup setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 BUTTON 274 41 333 74 Go go T 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 PLOT 423 55 623 205 Average speed Ticks Speed 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 true false "" "" PENS "Speed" 1.0 1 -16777216 true "" "plot average-speed\n" "Base speed" 1.0 0 -2674135 true "" "plot base-speed" PLOT 416 276 616 426 Total Accidents Ticks Number of Accidents 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true false "" "" PENS "Accidents" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot accident-count" PLOT 417 482 617 632 Average Congestion Ticks Congestion Level 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true false "" "" PENS "Congestion" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot average-congestion" SWITCH 207 94 335 127 traffic-lights? traffic-lights? 1 1 -1000 SLIDER 204 132 341 165 light-cycle-length light-cycle-length 10 50 30.0 1 1 seconds HORIZONTAL SLIDER 16 186 193 219 good-road-probability good-road-probability 0 1 0.2 0.1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 18 245 197 278 bad-road-probability bad-road-probability 0 1 0.8 0.1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 19 139 191 172 base-speed base-speed 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 19 301 200 334 driver-error-rate driver-error-rate 0 0.1 0.03 0.01 1 NIL HORIZONTAL MONITOR 346 430 429 475 Accident count accident-count 17 1 11 MONITOR 18 573 207 618 Cars reached destination total-cars-reached-destination 17 1 11 MONITOR 423 212 520 257 NIL average-speed 17 1 11 MONITOR 288 585 412 630 NIL average-congestion 17 1 11 SLIDER 17 357 201 390 accident-duration accident-duration 1 100 40.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL MONITOR 433 430 514 475 % accidents accident-percentage 17 1 11 MONITOR 18 460 206 505 NIL average-distance-until-accident 17 1 11 MONITOR 347 373 410 418 Good accident-count-good 17 1 11 MONITOR 347 324 410 369 Bad accident-count-bad 17 1 11 MONITOR 348 276 411 321 Very Bad accident-count-very-bad 17 1 11 MONITOR 18 407 142 452 NIL average-travel-time 17 1 11 MONITOR 18 514 205 559 NIL average-time-until-accident 17 1 11 @#$#@#$#@ ## WHAT IS IT? (a general understanding of what the model is trying to show or explain) ## HOW IT WORKS (what rules the agents use to create the overall behavior of the model) ## HOW TO USE IT (how to use the model, including a description of each of the items in the Interface tab) ## THINGS TO NOTICE (suggested things for the user to notice while running the model) ## THINGS TO TRY (suggested things for the user to try to do (move sliders, switches, etc.) with the model) ## EXTENDING THE MODEL (suggested things to add or change in the Code tab to make the model more complicated, detailed, accurate, etc.) ## NETLOGO FEATURES (interesting or unusual features of NetLogo that the model uses, particularly in the Code tab; or where workarounds were needed for missing features) ## RELATED MODELS (models in the NetLogo Models Library and elsewhere which are of related interest) ## CREDITS AND REFERENCES (a reference to the model's URL on the web if it has one, as well as any other necessary credits, citations, and links) @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 135 15 75 Line -16777216 false 150 135 285 75 bug true 0 Circle -7500403 true true 96 182 108 Circle -7500403 true true 110 127 80 Circle -7500403 true true 110 75 80 Line -7500403 true 150 100 80 30 Line -7500403 true 150 100 220 30 butterfly true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 165 209 199 225 225 225 255 195 270 165 255 150 240 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 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166 210 172 213 173 238 167 251 160 248 154 265 169 264 178 247 186 240 198 260 200 271 217 271 219 262 207 258 195 230 192 198 210 184 227 164 242 144 259 145 284 151 277 141 293 140 299 134 297 127 273 119 270 105 Polygon -7500403 true true -1 195 14 180 36 166 40 153 53 140 82 131 134 133 159 126 188 115 227 108 236 102 238 98 268 86 269 92 281 87 269 103 269 113 x false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 270 75 225 30 30 225 75 270 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 75 75 30 270 225 225 270 @#$#@#$#@ NetLogo 6.4.0 @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ default 0.0 -0.2 0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1 1.0 0.0 0.2 0 0.0 1.0 link direction true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 150 90 180 Line -7500403 true 150 150 210 180 @#$#@#$#@ 0 @#$#@#$#@