globals [ grid-x-inc ;; the amount of patches in between two roads in the x direction grid-y-inc ;; the amount of patches in between two roads in the y direction acceleration ;; the constant that controls how much a car speeds up or slows down by if ;; it is to accelerate or decelerate phase ;; keeps track of the phase num-cars-stopped ;; the number of cars that are stopped during a single pass thru the go procedure roads intersections total-lifetime total-killed-cars avg-lifetime emission-rate ;; grams of CO2 per kilometer emission-rate-idle ;; grams of CO2 per second total-emissions total-emissions-idle ] turtles-own [ speed ;; the speed of the turtle actual-speed ;; speed that is corresponding to km/h in real life up-car? ;; true if the turtle moves downwards and false if it moves to the right wait-time ;; the amount of time since the last time a turtle has moved lifetime ;; how many tics the turtle has until it dies distance-traveled ;; distance traveled by the car emissions ;; emissions generated by the car emissions-idle ;; emissions generated by the car on idle ] patches-own [ intersection? ;; true if the patch is at the intersection of two roads green-light-up? ;; true if the green light is above the intersection. otherwise, false. ;; false for a non-intersection patches. my-row ;; the row of the intersection counting from the upper left corner of the ;; world. -1 for non-intersection patches. my-column ;; the column of the intersection counting from the upper left corner of the ;; world. -1 for non-intersection patches. my-phase ;; the phase for the intersection. -1 for non-intersection patches. auto? ;; whether or not this intersection will switch automatically. ;; false for non-intersection patches. ] ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Setup Procedures ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Initialize the display by giving the global and patch variables initial values. ;; Create num-cars of turtles if there are enough road patches for one turtle to ;; be created per road patch. Set up the plots. to setup clear-all setup-globals setup-patches set-default-shape turtles "car" set emission-rate 112 ;; grams of CO2 per kilometer set emission-rate-idle 0.4032 ;; grams of CO2 per second ;; Now create the turtles and have each created turtle call the functions setup-cars create-turtles num-cars [ setup-cars ;;record-data ] ;; give the turtles an initial speed ask turtles [ set-car-speed ] reset-ticks end ;; Initialize the global variables to appropriate values to setup-globals set phase 0 set num-cars-stopped 0 set grid-x-inc world-width / grid-size-x set grid-y-inc world-height / grid-size-y set total-lifetime 0 set acceleration 0.099 end ;; Make the patches have appropriate colors, set up the roads and intersections agentsets, ;; and initialize the traffic lights to one setting to setup-patches ;; initialize the patch-owned variables and color the patches to a base-color ask patches [ set intersection? false set auto? false set green-light-up? true set my-row -1 set my-column -1 set my-phase -1 set pcolor green - 2 ] ;; initialize the global variables that hold patch agentsets set roads patches with [(floor((pxcor + max-pxcor + floor(grid-x-inc - 1)) mod grid-x-inc) = 0) or (floor((pycor + max-pycor + floor(grid-y-inc - 1)) mod grid-y-inc) = 0)] set intersections roads with [(floor((pxcor + max-pxcor + floor(grid-x-inc - 1)) mod grid-x-inc) = 0) and (floor((pycor + max-pycor + floor(grid-y-inc - 1)) mod grid-y-inc) = 0)] ask roads [ set pcolor black + 5 ] setup-intersections end ;; Give the intersections appropriate values for the intersection?, my-row, and my-column ;; patch variables. Make all the traffic lights start off so that the lights are red ;; horizontally and green vertically. to setup-intersections ask intersections [ set intersection? true set green-light-up? true set my-phase 0 set auto? true set my-row floor((pycor + max-pycor) / grid-y-inc) set my-column floor((pxcor + max-pxcor) / grid-x-inc) set-signal-colors ] end ;; Initialize the turtle variables to appropriate values and place the turtle on an empty road patch. to setup-cars ;; turtle procedure set speed 0 set wait-time 0 set lifetime 0 ;; Initialize lifetime to a value, adjust as needed put-on-empty-road ifelse intersection? [ ifelse random 2 = 0 [ set up-car? true ] [ set up-car? false ] ] [ ; if the turtle is on a vertical road (rather than a horizontal one) ifelse (floor((pxcor + max-pxcor + floor(grid-x-inc - 1)) mod grid-x-inc) = 0) [ set up-car? true ] [ set up-car? false ] ] ifelse up-car? [ set heading 180 ] [ set heading 90 ] end ;; Find a road patch without any turtles on it and place the turtle there. to put-on-empty-road ;; turtle procedure move-to one-of roads with [not any? turtles-on self] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Runtime Procedures ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Run the simulation to go ;; have the intersections change their color set-signals set num-cars-stopped 0 ;; set the turtles speed for this time thru the procedure, move them forward their speed, ;; record data for plotting, and set the color of the turtles to an appropriate color ;; based on their speed ask turtles [ set-car-speed fd speed record-data ;; Check if the turtle has reached the opposite destination and kill it check-turtle-status ] ;; Check if the percentage of stopped cars exceeds 80%, and if so, call reset pseed let percentage-stopped num-cars-stopped / count turtles if percentage-stopped >= 0.8 [ reset-speed ] ;; Check if the number of turtles is less than a threshold, and if so, create a new turtle if count turtles < num-cars [ repeat (num-cars - count turtles) [ create-new-car ] ] ;; update the phase and the global clock next-phase tick end to create-new-car create-turtles 1 [ setup-cars ] end to reset-speed ask turtles [ set speed 0.1 ] end ;; Check if the turtle has reached the opposite destination or is off the grid, and kill it if true to check-turtle-status if destination-reached? or off-grid? [ set total-lifetime total-lifetime + lifetime set total-killed-cars total-killed-cars + 1 set total-emissions total-emissions + emissions set total-emissions-idle total-emissions-idle + emissions-idle die ;; Kill the turtle if it reaches the opposite destination or is off the grid ] end to-report destination-reached? ;; Report true if the turtle has reached the opposite destination report (up-car? and xcor >= max-pxcor) or (not up-car? and ycor >= max-pycor) end to-report off-grid? ;; Report true if the turtle is off the grid report xcor <= min-pxcor or xcor >= max-pxcor or ycor <= min-pycor or ycor >= max-pycor end ;; have the traffic lights change color if phase equals each intersections' my-phase to set-signals ask intersections with [auto? and phase = floor ((my-phase * ticks-per-cycle) / 100)] [ set green-light-up? (not green-light-up?) set-signal-colors ] end ;; This procedure checks the variable green-light-up? at each intersection and sets the ;; traffic lights to have the green light up or the green light to the left. to set-signal-colors ;; intersection (patch) procedure ifelse power? [ ifelse green-light-up? [ ask patch-at -1 0 [ set pcolor red ] ask patch-at 0 1 [ set pcolor green ] ] [ ask patch-at -1 0 [ set pcolor green ] ask patch-at 0 1 [ set pcolor red ] ] ] [ ask patch-at -1 0 [ set pcolor white ] ask patch-at 0 1 [ set pcolor white ] ] end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Speed regulation ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; set the turtles' speed based on whether they are at a red traffic light or the speed of the ;; turtle (if any) on the patch in front of them to set-car-speed ;; turtle procedure ifelse pcolor = red [ set speed 0 ] [ ifelse up-car? [ set-speed 0 -1 ] [ set-speed 1 0 ] ] end ;; set the speed variable of the car to an appropriate value (not exceeding the ;; speed limit) based on whether there are cars on the patch in front of the car to set-speed [ delta-x delta-y ] ;; turtle procedure ;; get the turtles on the patch in front of the turtle let turtles-ahead turtles-at delta-x delta-y ;; if there are turtles in front of the turtle, slow down ;; otherwise, speed up ifelse any? turtles-ahead [ ifelse any? (turtles-ahead with [ up-car? != [up-car?] of myself ]) [ set speed 0 ][ set speed [speed] of one-of turtles-ahead slow-down ] ] [ speed-up ] end ;; decrease the speed of the turtle to slow-down ;; turtle procedure ifelse speed <= 0 ;;if speed < 0 [ set speed 0 ] [ set speed speed - acceleration ] set actual-speed ((200 / 9) * (speed - 0.1)) + 30 end ;; increase the speed of the turtle to speed-up ;; turtle procedure let speed-limit-adjusted 0.1 + ((speed-limit - 30) * 9 / 200) ifelse speed > speed-limit-adjusted [ set speed speed-limit-adjusted ] [ set speed speed + acceleration ] set actual-speed ((200 / 9) * (speed - 0.1)) + 30 end ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Turtles data recording ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; keep track of the number of stopped turtles and the amount of time a turtle has been stopped ;; if its speed is 0 to record-data ;; turtle procedure let distance-per-tick speed ;; Assuming speed is in meters per tick, convert to kilometers set distance-traveled distance-traveled + distance-per-tick set emissions distance-traveled * emission-rate ;; emissions in grams set lifetime lifetime + 1 ;; Increase lifetime for each turtle ifelse speed = 0 [ set num-cars-stopped num-cars-stopped + 1 set wait-time wait-time + 1 if wait-time > 100 [set speed 0.1] set emissions-idle emissions-idle + emission-rate-idle ;; emissions in kilograms ] [ set wait-time 0 ] if total-killed-cars > 0 [set avg-lifetime (total-lifetime / total-killed-cars)] end ;; cycles phase to the next appropriate value to next-phase ;; The phase cycles from 0 to ticks-per-cycle, then starts over. set phase phase + 1 if phase mod ticks-per-cycle = 0 [ set phase 0 ] end @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 12 10 580 579 -1 -1 22.4 1 12 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -12 12 -12 12 1 1 1 ticks 30.0 PLOT 1275 183 1493 347 Average Wait Time of Cars Time Average Wait 0.0 100.0 0.0 5.0 true false "" "" PENS "default" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot mean [wait-time] of turtles" PLOT 1059 15 1275 180 Average Speed of Cars Time Average Speed 0.0 100.0 0.0 50.0 true false "set-plot-y-range 0 speed-limit" "" PENS "default" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot mean [actual-speed] of turtles" SLIDER 583 506 680 539 grid-size-y grid-size-y 1 9 5.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 583 541 677 574 grid-size-x grid-size-x 1 9 5.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SWITCH 581 473 676 506 power? power? 0 1 -1000 SLIDER 584 50 865 83 num-cars num-cars 1 400 73.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL PLOT 1280 15 1494 179 Stopped Cars Time Stopped Cars 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 true false "set-plot-y-range 0 num-cars" "" PENS "default" 1.0 0 -16777216 true "" "plot num-cars-stopped" BUTTON 835 13 899 46 Go go T 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 0 BUTTON 743 13 827 46 Setup setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 SLIDER 584 13 738 46 speed-limit speed-limit 30 50 30.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL SLIDER 581 437 735 470 ticks-per-cycle ticks-per-cycle 1 100 25.0 1 1 NIL HORIZONTAL MONITOR 593 378 650 423 # Cars count turtles 17 1 11 MONITOR 655 379 748 424 NIL total-lifetime 17 1 11 MONITOR 594 330 707 375 NIL total-killed-cars 17 1 11 MONITOR 753 379 840 424 NIL avg-lifetime 17 1 11 BUTTON 583 92 688 125 Reset speed reset-speed NIL 1 T OBSERVER NIL NIL NIL NIL 1 PLOT 1281 388 1499 551 Avg Emissions Driving Time Emissions 0.0 10.0 0.0 1.0 true false "" "" PENS "default" 1.0 0 -11881837 true "" "plot mean [emissions] of turtles" PLOT 1059 389 1271 550 Avg Emissions on Idle Time Emissions 0.0 10.0 0.0 10.0 true false "" "" PENS "default" 1.0 0 -14454117 true "" "plot mean [emissions-idle] of turtles" @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ default true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 5 40 250 150 205 260 250 airplane true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 135 15 120 60 120 105 15 165 15 195 120 180 135 240 105 270 120 285 150 270 180 285 210 270 165 240 180 180 285 195 285 165 180 105 180 60 165 15 arrow true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 0 0 150 105 150 105 293 195 293 195 150 300 150 box false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 285 285 225 285 75 150 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 135 15 75 150 15 285 75 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 75 15 225 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 285 150 135 Line -16777216 false 150 135 15 75 Line -16777216 false 150 135 285 75 bug true 0 Circle -7500403 true true 96 182 108 Circle -7500403 true true 110 127 80 Circle -7500403 true true 110 75 80 Line -7500403 true 150 100 80 30 Line -7500403 true 150 100 220 30 butterfly true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 165 209 199 225 225 225 255 195 270 165 255 150 240 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 165 89 198 75 225 75 255 105 270 135 255 150 240 Polygon -7500403 true true 139 148 100 105 55 90 25 90 10 105 10 135 25 180 40 195 85 194 139 163 Polygon -7500403 true true 162 150 200 105 245 90 275 90 290 105 290 135 275 180 260 195 215 195 162 165 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 255 135 225 120 150 135 120 150 105 165 120 180 150 165 225 Circle -16777216 true false 135 90 30 Line -16777216 false 150 105 195 60 Line -16777216 false 150 105 105 60 car true 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 180 15 164 21 144 39 135 60 132 74 106 87 84 97 63 115 50 141 50 165 60 225 150 285 165 285 225 285 225 15 180 15 Circle -16777216 true false 180 30 90 Circle -16777216 true false 180 180 90 Polygon -16777216 true false 80 138 78 168 135 166 135 91 105 106 96 111 89 120 Circle -7500403 true true 195 195 58 Circle -7500403 true true 195 47 58 circle false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 circle 2 false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 cow false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 200 193 197 249 179 249 177 196 166 187 140 189 93 191 78 179 72 211 49 209 48 181 37 149 25 120 25 89 45 72 103 84 179 75 198 76 252 64 272 81 293 103 285 121 255 121 242 118 224 167 Polygon -7500403 true true 73 210 86 251 62 249 48 208 Polygon -7500403 true true 25 114 16 195 9 204 23 213 25 200 39 123 cylinder false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 dot false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 90 90 120 face happy false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 8 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 255 90 239 62 213 47 191 67 179 90 203 109 218 150 225 192 218 210 203 227 181 251 194 236 217 212 240 face neutral false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 7 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 195 240 225 face sad false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 8 8 285 Circle -16777216 true false 60 75 60 Circle -16777216 true false 180 75 60 Polygon -16777216 true false 150 168 90 184 62 210 47 232 67 244 90 220 109 205 150 198 192 205 210 220 227 242 251 229 236 206 212 183 fish false 0 Polygon -1 true false 44 131 21 87 15 86 0 120 15 150 0 180 13 214 20 212 45 166 Polygon -1 true false 135 195 119 235 95 218 76 210 46 204 60 165 Polygon -1 true false 75 45 83 77 71 103 86 114 166 78 135 60 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 136 151 77 226 81 280 119 292 146 292 160 287 170 270 195 195 210 151 212 30 166 Circle -16777216 true false 215 106 30 flag false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 60 15 75 300 Polygon -7500403 true true 90 150 270 90 90 30 Line -7500403 true 75 135 90 135 Line -7500403 true 75 45 90 45 flower false 0 Polygon -10899396 true false 135 120 165 165 180 210 180 240 150 300 165 300 195 240 195 195 165 135 Circle -7500403 true true 85 132 38 Circle -7500403 true true 130 147 38 Circle -7500403 true true 192 85 38 Circle -7500403 true true 85 40 38 Circle -7500403 true true 177 40 38 Circle -7500403 true true 177 132 38 Circle -7500403 true true 70 85 38 Circle -7500403 true true 130 25 38 Circle -7500403 true true 96 51 108 Circle -16777216 true false 113 68 74 Polygon -10899396 true false 189 233 219 188 249 173 279 188 234 218 Polygon -10899396 true false 180 255 150 210 105 210 75 240 135 240 house false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 45 120 255 285 Rectangle -16777216 true false 120 210 180 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 15 120 150 15 285 120 Line -16777216 false 30 120 270 120 leaf false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 210 135 195 120 210 60 210 30 195 60 180 60 165 15 135 30 120 15 105 40 104 45 90 60 90 90 105 105 120 120 120 105 60 120 60 135 30 150 15 165 30 180 60 195 60 180 120 195 120 210 105 240 90 255 90 263 104 285 105 270 120 285 135 240 165 240 180 270 195 240 210 180 210 165 195 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 195 135 240 120 255 105 255 105 285 135 285 165 240 165 195 line true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 300 line half true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 0 150 150 pentagon false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 15 15 120 60 285 240 285 285 120 person false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 110 5 80 Polygon -7500403 true true 105 90 120 195 90 285 105 300 135 300 150 225 165 300 195 300 210 285 180 195 195 90 Rectangle -7500403 true true 127 79 172 94 Polygon -7500403 true true 195 90 240 150 225 180 165 105 Polygon -7500403 true true 105 90 60 150 75 180 135 105 plant false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 135 90 165 300 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 255 90 210 45 195 75 255 135 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 255 210 210 255 195 225 255 165 285 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 180 90 135 45 120 75 180 135 210 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 180 165 210 225 180 255 120 210 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 105 90 60 45 45 75 105 135 135 Polygon -7500403 true true 165 105 165 135 225 105 255 45 210 60 Polygon -7500403 true true 135 90 120 45 150 15 180 45 165 90 square false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270 square 2 false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 30 30 270 270 Rectangle -16777216 true false 60 60 240 240 star false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 151 1 185 108 298 108 207 175 242 282 151 216 59 282 94 175 3 108 116 108 target false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 0 0 300 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 Circle -7500403 true true 60 60 180 Circle -16777216 true false 90 90 120 Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60 tree false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 118 3 94 Rectangle -6459832 true false 120 195 180 300 Circle -7500403 true true 65 21 108 Circle -7500403 true true 116 41 127 Circle -7500403 true true 45 90 120 Circle -7500403 true true 104 74 152 triangle false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255 triangle 2 false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 150 30 15 255 285 255 Polygon -16777216 true false 151 99 225 223 75 224 truck false 0 Rectangle -7500403 true true 4 45 195 187 Polygon -7500403 true true 296 193 296 150 259 134 244 104 208 104 207 194 Rectangle -1 true false 195 60 195 105 Polygon -16777216 true false 238 112 252 141 219 141 218 112 Circle -16777216 true false 234 174 42 Rectangle -7500403 true true 181 185 214 194 Circle -16777216 true false 144 174 42 Circle -16777216 true false 24 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 24 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 144 174 42 Circle -7500403 false true 234 174 42 turtle true 0 Polygon -10899396 true false 215 204 240 233 246 254 228 266 215 252 193 210 Polygon -10899396 true false 195 90 225 75 245 75 260 89 269 108 261 124 240 105 225 105 210 105 Polygon -10899396 true false 105 90 75 75 55 75 40 89 31 108 39 124 60 105 75 105 90 105 Polygon -10899396 true false 132 85 134 64 107 51 108 17 150 2 192 18 192 52 169 65 172 87 Polygon -10899396 true false 85 204 60 233 54 254 72 266 85 252 107 210 Polygon -7500403 true true 119 75 179 75 209 101 224 135 220 225 175 261 128 261 81 224 74 135 88 99 wheel false 0 Circle -7500403 true true 3 3 294 Circle -16777216 true false 30 30 240 Line -7500403 true 150 285 150 15 Line -7500403 true 15 150 285 150 Circle -7500403 true true 120 120 60 Line -7500403 true 216 40 79 269 Line -7500403 true 40 84 269 221 Line -7500403 true 40 216 269 79 Line -7500403 true 84 40 221 269 x false 0 Polygon -7500403 true true 270 75 225 30 30 225 75 270 Polygon -7500403 true true 30 75 75 30 270 225 225 270 @#$#@#$#@ NetLogo 6.4.0 @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ setup go total-killed-cars = 300000 sum [emissions] of turtles sum [emissions-idle] of turtles setup go total-killed-cars = 300000 sum [emissions] of turtles sum [emissions-idle] of turtles setup go total-killed-cars = 300000 total-emissions-idle total-emissions setup go total-killed-cars = 300000 total-emissions-idle total-emissions @#$#@#$#@ @#$#@#$#@ default 0.0 -0.2 0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1 1.0 0.0 0.2 0 0.0 1.0 link direction true 0 Line -7500403 true 150 150 90 180 Line -7500403 true 150 150 210 180 @#$#@#$#@ 0 @#$#@#$#@