Simulace.info - User contributions [en]

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

2024-01-21T02:02:34Z

Tata05: /* Conclusion */

'''Name:''' Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake<br>
'''Author:''' Aiyyna Tatarinova<br>
'''Method:''' System dynamic<br>
'''Tool:''' Vensim<br><br>
=Introduction and Problem definition=
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a crucial greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat. It originates from the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), wildfires, and natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions. The initial chart displays the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) recorded by NOAA at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii since 1958.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Athmospheric CO2]]

Since the advent of industrialization in the 18th century, human activities have elevated atmospheric CO2 levels by 50%, resulting in the current amount being 150% of its value in 1750. This anthropogenic increase surpasses the naturally occurring rise observed at the conclusion of the last ice age 20,000 years ago. Carbon is in carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that traps heat close to Earth. It helps Earth hold some of the heat it receives from the Sun so it doesn't all escape back into space. But CO2 is only good up to a point – beyond that point, Earth's temperature warms up too much. NASA research satellites such as OCO-2 and OCO-3 are studying how carbon moves around the planet.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2_2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|This graph shows how atmospheric CO2 has increased since the Industrial Revolution]]

The ocean holds approximately sixty times more carbon in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon than the pre-anthropogenic atmosphere (~600 Pg C). Over time scales <105 years, the ocean serves as the largest reservoir of inorganic carbon (~38,000 Pg C), engaging in exchanges with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and thus exerting significant control over atmospheric CO2 levels. The average concentration of inorganic carbon in the ocean is approximately ~2.3 mmol kg−1, with a residence time of about ~200 thousand years.

Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean primarily exists in three inorganic forms: free aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2(aq)), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and carbonate ion (CO32−). A minor presence is true carbonic acid (H2CO3), accounting for less than 0.3% of [CO2(aq)]. The combined concentrations of [CO2(aq)] and [H2CO3] are represented as [CO2].The predominant form of dissolved inorganic carbon in the contemporary ocean is bicarbonate (HCO3−), comprising over 85% of the total.

Carbon dioxide undergoes exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean through molecular diffusion. A disparity in CO2 pressure between the atmosphere and the ocean drives the exchange of CO2. Specifically, CO2 transfers from the air to the water when the atmospheric CO2 pressure is higher. The ocean dissolves CO2 due to its solubility.

The solubility of carbon dioxide is influenced by the water's salinity and temperature, with a limited capacity for absorption by the water. Colder water has a higher capacity to dissolve CO2, contributing to variations in solubility.

=Method=
A Bjerrum plot illustrates the concentrations of various species of a polyprotic acid in a solution at equilibrium, plotted against the pH of the solution. Given the broad range of concentrations spanning multiple orders of magnitude, it is customary to represent them on a logarithmic scale. In certain instances, the plot may depict ratios of concentrations instead of their absolute values. Occasionally, the concentrations of H+ and OH− ions are also included in the plot.

[[File:Bjerrum_plot.png|thumb|center|850px|Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.]]

Suppose that the reactions between carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, bicarbonate and carbonate ions, all dissolved in water, are as follows:

[[File:Co2_formula.png]]

An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water leads to a decrease in the proportion of carbon dioxide that reacts with water to form carbonic acid. But due to the general increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water, the pH of such water will decrease to a value of 4.0. Below this value, carbon dioxide is practically insoluble in water.

Consider an example in which water containing carbon dioxide also contains sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). In this case, calculation of the pH value is possible using equation.

The water contains the following concentrations of carbon dioxide and sodium bicarbonate:

[[File:PH_formula.png|350px|]]

Here it is necessary to clarify how the record form for the request was obtained. The dissociation constant or equilibrium constant of the equation for the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water at the first stage is equal to K1 = 4.45 * 10-7. The equilibrium (dissociation) constant of a given medical regimen can be written as:

[[File:Dissociation_constant.png|550px|]]

=Variables=
The model setup:
• '''Units for Time''' = Year

• '''INITIAL TIME''' = 0

• '''FINAL TIME''' = 250

• '''TIME STEP''' = 1

The model variables are set as follows:

• '''Dissociation constant''' = 6.352

• '''Bicarbonate''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*98''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean / 100 * 98

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration''' = Bicarbonate*0.001/Molar mass HCO3

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l''' = Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration*1000

• '''Carbon dioxide''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration''' = Carbon dioxide*0.001/Molar mass CO2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l''' = Carbon dioxide concentration*1000

• '''pH value''' = Dissociation constant+LOG("Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l"/"Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l", 10)

• '''Molar mass HCO3''' = 61

• '''Molar mass CO2''' = 44

• '''Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean''' = Atmosphere/100*30

• '''Atmosphere''' = INTEG (CO2 emissions+CO2 release+decomposition+respiration-CO2 absorption-photosynthesis,898.86)

• '''ocean mixing''' = 100*(Deep Ocean/38100)

• '''Ocean surface''' = INTEG (
CO2 absorption+ocean mixing-remains-CO2 release,
1020)

• '''Deep Ocean''' = INTEG (
remains-ocean mixing,
38100)

• '''photosynthesis''' = 121.8*(Atmosphere/750)

• '''Forest''' = INTEG (
photosynthesis-death-respiration,
610)

• '''death''' = 60 * (Forest/610)

• '''CO2 emissions''' = 5.5

• '''Fuel''' = INTEG (
-CO2 emissions,
10000)

• '''remains''' = 91.6 * (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''CO2 absorption''' = 92 * (Atmosphere/750)

• '''CO2 release''' = 90* (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''decomposition''' = 60 * (Soils/1580)

• '''respiration''' = 61.6 * (Forest/610)

• '''Soils''' = INTEG (
death-decomposition,
1580)

=Model=
The diagram of carbon dioxide shows exchange in the atmosphere and its impact on ocean water acidity in the context of climate change. The diagram begins by indicating the primary sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, including industrial processes, fuel combustion. The diagram illustrates how carbon dioxide is partially absorbed by the ocean. Remains and carbon dioxide sink into the depths of the ocean. Additionally, the model allows for the measurement of water pH depending on the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

[[File:Carbon_dioxide_Stock_and_flow_diagram.png|thumb|center|850px||Stock and flow diagram]]

=Results=
[[File:Carbon_level1.png|thumb|center|650px||Carbon level]]
[[File:Carbon_Level.png|thumb|center|850px||pH value]]
[[File:Graph3.png|thumb|center|850px||Bicarbonate and Carbon dioxide concentration changes]]
[[File:Atmosphere.png|thumb|center|850px||Carbon level in Atmosphere]]

=Conclusion=

Attempts to approximate the outcomes to real-world data were undertaken, achieving complete precision proved to be a challenging task. These processes have proven exceedingly complex to simulate, requiring consideration of an extensive volume of data and their interconnections.

The obtained pH value in the simulation (pH 8), while close to real-world values, still highlights the necessity for enhancing model accuracy. The marine environment serves as a robust buffering system, striving to maintain equilibrium within its internal milieu. This intricate system demands more detailed incorporation into the simulation to achieve more accurate and realistic results. The prospect of simulation improvement lies in an in-depth analysis and the inclusion of a greater number of factors that account for the dynamics of the marine environment.

To reduce the negative impact on nature caused by the use of fuels, it is necessary to strive to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the environment.

=Sources=
#Sterman, J. (2000). Business dynamics : systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Boston, Ma.: Irwin/McGraw-Hill
#PRUYT, Erik. Small System Dynamics Models for Big Issues: Triple Jump towards Real-World Complexity [online]. Version 1.0. TU Delft Library, Delft, The Netherlands, 2013 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:10980974-69c3-4357-962f-d923160ab638/datastream/OBJ/link.pdf
#The Ocean Carbon Cycle. Harvard Magazine [online]. 2002, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2002/11/the-ocean-carbon-cycle-html
#Kopp, Otto C.. "fossil fuel". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Jan. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/science/fossil-fuel. Accessed 21 January 2024.
# Pang, S., Deng, C., & Chen, S. (2022). System dynamics models of online lending platform based on vensim simulation technology and analysis of interest rate evolution trend. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience : CIN, 2022doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9776138
# Q. Yang and M. Li, "Information System Computer Dynamics Simulation of the Water Traffic Emergency Rescue by Vensim Software," 2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Civil Aviation Safety and Information Technology (ICCASIT), Changsha, China, 2021, pp. 614-620, doi: 10.1109/ICCASIT53235.2021.9633389.
# Watson, A.J., Schuster, U., Shutler, J.D. et al. Revised estimates of ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux are consistent with ocean carbon inventory. Nat Commun 11, 4422 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18203-3
# Rogge, A., Janout, M., Loginova, N. et al. Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water. Nat. Geosci. 16, 82–88 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01069-z
# Fogwill, C.J., Turney, C.S.M., Menviel, L. et al. Southern Ocean carbon sink enhanced by sea-ice feedbacks at the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Nat. Geosci. 13, 489–497 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0587-0
#YOUSSEF, AbdAllah, Qi SHAO a S. MATTHÄI. Simplified Numeric Simulation Approach for CO2,g-Water Flow and Trapping at Near-Surface Conditions. Peter Cook Centre for CCS Research & Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. 2023, 2022, 15.
#RAVEN, J. A. a P. G. FALKOWSKI. Oceanic sinks for atmospheric CO 2. Plant, Cell & Environment [online]. 1999, 22(6), 741-755 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 0140-7791. Dostupné z: doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00419.x
#SHAHEEN NAJAM, Uzma. Modeling of Carbon dioxide Emission and Control Through Forestation. Nanjing Forestry University, 2016. Disertace. Nanjing Forestry University.
#CHU, Bing, Stephen DUNCAN, Antonis PAPACHRISTODOULOU a Cameron HEPBURN. Analysis and control design of sustainable policies for greenhouse gas emissions. Applied Thermal Engineering [online]. 2013, 53(2), 420-431 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 13594311. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.04.022
#SHAFFER, Don a Kevin WALLACE. Carbon Cycle A CORE LEARNING GOALS ACTIVITY FOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS [online]. Maryland Virtual High School, 2000 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Http://204.85.28.57/mvhsproj/carbon/carbontea.pdf. Maryland Virtual High School.
#MEYERS, Robert A., ed. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science [online]. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISBN 978-0-387-75888-6. Dostupné z: doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3
#AKHTAR, M., S. SIMONOVIC, J. WIBE, J. MACGEE a J. DAVIES. An Integrated System Dynamics Model for Analyzing Behaviour of the Social-Energy-Economic-Climatic System: User’s Manual [online]. 1. THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, August 2011 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=wrrr
#CARBON DIOXIDE, DISSOLVED (OCEAN). Hawai, 2007. Článek. University of Hawai at Manoa.
#Understanding the Ocean Acidification Equation and Its Biological Impact. Sensorex [online]. 2020, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://sensorex.com/understanding-the-ocean-acidification-equation-and-its-biological-impact/
#Oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump. Tiny marine animals are key to working out its climate impacts. SHADWICK, ELIZABETH, TYLER ROHR a ANTHONY RICHARDSON. CSIRO [online]. 2023 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.csiro.au/en/news/all/articles/2023/june/oceans-absorb-emissions
#CO2 removal from atmosphere is crucial for climate protection. Geomar [online]. 2023, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.geomar.de/en/news/article/co2-removal-from-atmosphere-is-crucial-for-climate-protection
#National Centers for Environmental Information [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/
#How the oceans store CO2 is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle. PMEL [online]. 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Carbon+Storage
#Carbon Dioxide. Climate Nasa [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/
#BERNER, Robert, Antonio LASAGA a Robert GARRELS. The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years. American Journal of Science [online]. 1983, 43 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://web.colby.edu/ch217public/files/2016/02/Berner-Lasaga-and-Garrels-1983.pdf
#JUAN, Martn. System Dynamics Modelling with Vensim. Edition 2021. Independently Published, 2021. ISBN 9781718077027.
#

=Code=
[[File:Simulation_of_Carbon_dioxide.mdl]]

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

2024-01-21T02:02:21Z

Tata05: /* Conclusion */

'''Name:''' Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake<br>
'''Author:''' Aiyyna Tatarinova<br>
'''Method:''' System dynamic<br>
'''Tool:''' Vensim<br><br>
=Introduction and Problem definition=
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a crucial greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat. It originates from the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), wildfires, and natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions. The initial chart displays the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) recorded by NOAA at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii since 1958.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Athmospheric CO2]]

Since the advent of industrialization in the 18th century, human activities have elevated atmospheric CO2 levels by 50%, resulting in the current amount being 150% of its value in 1750. This anthropogenic increase surpasses the naturally occurring rise observed at the conclusion of the last ice age 20,000 years ago. Carbon is in carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that traps heat close to Earth. It helps Earth hold some of the heat it receives from the Sun so it doesn't all escape back into space. But CO2 is only good up to a point – beyond that point, Earth's temperature warms up too much. NASA research satellites such as OCO-2 and OCO-3 are studying how carbon moves around the planet.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2_2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|This graph shows how atmospheric CO2 has increased since the Industrial Revolution]]

The ocean holds approximately sixty times more carbon in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon than the pre-anthropogenic atmosphere (~600 Pg C). Over time scales <105 years, the ocean serves as the largest reservoir of inorganic carbon (~38,000 Pg C), engaging in exchanges with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and thus exerting significant control over atmospheric CO2 levels. The average concentration of inorganic carbon in the ocean is approximately ~2.3 mmol kg−1, with a residence time of about ~200 thousand years.

Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean primarily exists in three inorganic forms: free aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2(aq)), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and carbonate ion (CO32−). A minor presence is true carbonic acid (H2CO3), accounting for less than 0.3% of [CO2(aq)]. The combined concentrations of [CO2(aq)] and [H2CO3] are represented as [CO2].The predominant form of dissolved inorganic carbon in the contemporary ocean is bicarbonate (HCO3−), comprising over 85% of the total.

Carbon dioxide undergoes exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean through molecular diffusion. A disparity in CO2 pressure between the atmosphere and the ocean drives the exchange of CO2. Specifically, CO2 transfers from the air to the water when the atmospheric CO2 pressure is higher. The ocean dissolves CO2 due to its solubility.

The solubility of carbon dioxide is influenced by the water's salinity and temperature, with a limited capacity for absorption by the water. Colder water has a higher capacity to dissolve CO2, contributing to variations in solubility.

=Method=
A Bjerrum plot illustrates the concentrations of various species of a polyprotic acid in a solution at equilibrium, plotted against the pH of the solution. Given the broad range of concentrations spanning multiple orders of magnitude, it is customary to represent them on a logarithmic scale. In certain instances, the plot may depict ratios of concentrations instead of their absolute values. Occasionally, the concentrations of H+ and OH− ions are also included in the plot.

[[File:Bjerrum_plot.png|thumb|center|850px|Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.]]

Suppose that the reactions between carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, bicarbonate and carbonate ions, all dissolved in water, are as follows:

[[File:Co2_formula.png]]

An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water leads to a decrease in the proportion of carbon dioxide that reacts with water to form carbonic acid. But due to the general increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water, the pH of such water will decrease to a value of 4.0. Below this value, carbon dioxide is practically insoluble in water.

Consider an example in which water containing carbon dioxide also contains sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). In this case, calculation of the pH value is possible using equation.

The water contains the following concentrations of carbon dioxide and sodium bicarbonate:

[[File:PH_formula.png|350px|]]

Here it is necessary to clarify how the record form for the request was obtained. The dissociation constant or equilibrium constant of the equation for the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water at the first stage is equal to K1 = 4.45 * 10-7. The equilibrium (dissociation) constant of a given medical regimen can be written as:

[[File:Dissociation_constant.png|550px|]]

=Variables=
The model setup:
• '''Units for Time''' = Year

• '''INITIAL TIME''' = 0

• '''FINAL TIME''' = 250

• '''TIME STEP''' = 1

The model variables are set as follows:

• '''Dissociation constant''' = 6.352

• '''Bicarbonate''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*98''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean / 100 * 98

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration''' = Bicarbonate*0.001/Molar mass HCO3

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l''' = Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration*1000

• '''Carbon dioxide''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration''' = Carbon dioxide*0.001/Molar mass CO2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l''' = Carbon dioxide concentration*1000

• '''pH value''' = Dissociation constant+LOG("Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l"/"Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l", 10)

• '''Molar mass HCO3''' = 61

• '''Molar mass CO2''' = 44

• '''Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean''' = Atmosphere/100*30

• '''Atmosphere''' = INTEG (CO2 emissions+CO2 release+decomposition+respiration-CO2 absorption-photosynthesis,898.86)

• '''ocean mixing''' = 100*(Deep Ocean/38100)

• '''Ocean surface''' = INTEG (
CO2 absorption+ocean mixing-remains-CO2 release,
1020)

• '''Deep Ocean''' = INTEG (
remains-ocean mixing,
38100)

• '''photosynthesis''' = 121.8*(Atmosphere/750)

• '''Forest''' = INTEG (
photosynthesis-death-respiration,
610)

• '''death''' = 60 * (Forest/610)

• '''CO2 emissions''' = 5.5

• '''Fuel''' = INTEG (
-CO2 emissions,
10000)

• '''remains''' = 91.6 * (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''CO2 absorption''' = 92 * (Atmosphere/750)

• '''CO2 release''' = 90* (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''decomposition''' = 60 * (Soils/1580)

• '''respiration''' = 61.6 * (Forest/610)

• '''Soils''' = INTEG (
death-decomposition,
1580)

=Model=
The diagram of carbon dioxide shows exchange in the atmosphere and its impact on ocean water acidity in the context of climate change. The diagram begins by indicating the primary sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, including industrial processes, fuel combustion. The diagram illustrates how carbon dioxide is partially absorbed by the ocean. Remains and carbon dioxide sink into the depths of the ocean. Additionally, the model allows for the measurement of water pH depending on the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

[[File:Carbon_dioxide_Stock_and_flow_diagram.png|thumb|center|850px||Stock and flow diagram]]

=Results=
[[File:Carbon_level1.png|thumb|center|650px||Carbon level]]
[[File:Carbon_Level.png|thumb|center|850px||pH value]]
[[File:Graph3.png|thumb|center|850px||Bicarbonate and Carbon dioxide concentration changes]]
[[File:Atmosphere.png|thumb|center|850px||Carbon level in Atmosphere]]

=Conclusion=
=Conclusion=
Attempts to approximate the outcomes to real-world data were undertaken, achieving complete precision proved to be a challenging task. These processes have proven exceedingly complex to simulate, requiring consideration of an extensive volume of data and their interconnections.

The obtained pH value in the simulation (pH 8), while close to real-world values, still highlights the necessity for enhancing model accuracy. The marine environment serves as a robust buffering system, striving to maintain equilibrium within its internal milieu. This intricate system demands more detailed incorporation into the simulation to achieve more accurate and realistic results. The prospect of simulation improvement lies in an in-depth analysis and the inclusion of a greater number of factors that account for the dynamics of the marine environment.

To reduce the negative impact on nature caused by the use of fuels, it is necessary to strive to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the environment.

=Sources=
#Sterman, J. (2000). Business dynamics : systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Boston, Ma.: Irwin/McGraw-Hill
#PRUYT, Erik. Small System Dynamics Models for Big Issues: Triple Jump towards Real-World Complexity [online]. Version 1.0. TU Delft Library, Delft, The Netherlands, 2013 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:10980974-69c3-4357-962f-d923160ab638/datastream/OBJ/link.pdf
#The Ocean Carbon Cycle. Harvard Magazine [online]. 2002, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2002/11/the-ocean-carbon-cycle-html
#Kopp, Otto C.. "fossil fuel". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Jan. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/science/fossil-fuel. Accessed 21 January 2024.
# Pang, S., Deng, C., & Chen, S. (2022). System dynamics models of online lending platform based on vensim simulation technology and analysis of interest rate evolution trend. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience : CIN, 2022doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9776138
# Q. Yang and M. Li, "Information System Computer Dynamics Simulation of the Water Traffic Emergency Rescue by Vensim Software," 2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Civil Aviation Safety and Information Technology (ICCASIT), Changsha, China, 2021, pp. 614-620, doi: 10.1109/ICCASIT53235.2021.9633389.
# Watson, A.J., Schuster, U., Shutler, J.D. et al. Revised estimates of ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux are consistent with ocean carbon inventory. Nat Commun 11, 4422 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18203-3
# Rogge, A., Janout, M., Loginova, N. et al. Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water. Nat. Geosci. 16, 82–88 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01069-z
# Fogwill, C.J., Turney, C.S.M., Menviel, L. et al. Southern Ocean carbon sink enhanced by sea-ice feedbacks at the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Nat. Geosci. 13, 489–497 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0587-0
#YOUSSEF, AbdAllah, Qi SHAO a S. MATTHÄI. Simplified Numeric Simulation Approach for CO2,g-Water Flow and Trapping at Near-Surface Conditions. Peter Cook Centre for CCS Research & Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. 2023, 2022, 15.
#RAVEN, J. A. a P. G. FALKOWSKI. Oceanic sinks for atmospheric CO 2. Plant, Cell & Environment [online]. 1999, 22(6), 741-755 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 0140-7791. Dostupné z: doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00419.x
#SHAHEEN NAJAM, Uzma. Modeling of Carbon dioxide Emission and Control Through Forestation. Nanjing Forestry University, 2016. Disertace. Nanjing Forestry University.
#CHU, Bing, Stephen DUNCAN, Antonis PAPACHRISTODOULOU a Cameron HEPBURN. Analysis and control design of sustainable policies for greenhouse gas emissions. Applied Thermal Engineering [online]. 2013, 53(2), 420-431 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 13594311. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.04.022
#SHAFFER, Don a Kevin WALLACE. Carbon Cycle A CORE LEARNING GOALS ACTIVITY FOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS [online]. Maryland Virtual High School, 2000 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Http://204.85.28.57/mvhsproj/carbon/carbontea.pdf. Maryland Virtual High School.
#MEYERS, Robert A., ed. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science [online]. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISBN 978-0-387-75888-6. Dostupné z: doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3
#AKHTAR, M., S. SIMONOVIC, J. WIBE, J. MACGEE a J. DAVIES. An Integrated System Dynamics Model for Analyzing Behaviour of the Social-Energy-Economic-Climatic System: User’s Manual [online]. 1. THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, August 2011 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=wrrr
#CARBON DIOXIDE, DISSOLVED (OCEAN). Hawai, 2007. Článek. University of Hawai at Manoa.
#Understanding the Ocean Acidification Equation and Its Biological Impact. Sensorex [online]. 2020, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://sensorex.com/understanding-the-ocean-acidification-equation-and-its-biological-impact/
#Oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump. Tiny marine animals are key to working out its climate impacts. SHADWICK, ELIZABETH, TYLER ROHR a ANTHONY RICHARDSON. CSIRO [online]. 2023 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.csiro.au/en/news/all/articles/2023/june/oceans-absorb-emissions
#CO2 removal from atmosphere is crucial for climate protection. Geomar [online]. 2023, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.geomar.de/en/news/article/co2-removal-from-atmosphere-is-crucial-for-climate-protection
#National Centers for Environmental Information [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/
#How the oceans store CO2 is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle. PMEL [online]. 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Carbon+Storage
#Carbon Dioxide. Climate Nasa [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/
#BERNER, Robert, Antonio LASAGA a Robert GARRELS. The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years. American Journal of Science [online]. 1983, 43 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://web.colby.edu/ch217public/files/2016/02/Berner-Lasaga-and-Garrels-1983.pdf
#JUAN, Martn. System Dynamics Modelling with Vensim. Edition 2021. Independently Published, 2021. ISBN 9781718077027.
#

=Code=
[[File:Simulation_of_Carbon_dioxide.mdl]]

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

2024-01-21T01:52:27Z

Tata05: /* Results */

'''Name:''' Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake<br>
'''Author:''' Aiyyna Tatarinova<br>
'''Method:''' System dynamic<br>
'''Tool:''' Vensim<br><br>
=Introduction and Problem definition=
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a crucial greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat. It originates from the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), wildfires, and natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions. The initial chart displays the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) recorded by NOAA at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii since 1958.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Athmospheric CO2]]

Since the advent of industrialization in the 18th century, human activities have elevated atmospheric CO2 levels by 50%, resulting in the current amount being 150% of its value in 1750. This anthropogenic increase surpasses the naturally occurring rise observed at the conclusion of the last ice age 20,000 years ago. Carbon is in carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that traps heat close to Earth. It helps Earth hold some of the heat it receives from the Sun so it doesn't all escape back into space. But CO2 is only good up to a point – beyond that point, Earth's temperature warms up too much. NASA research satellites such as OCO-2 and OCO-3 are studying how carbon moves around the planet.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2_2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|This graph shows how atmospheric CO2 has increased since the Industrial Revolution]]

The ocean holds approximately sixty times more carbon in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon than the pre-anthropogenic atmosphere (~600 Pg C). Over time scales <105 years, the ocean serves as the largest reservoir of inorganic carbon (~38,000 Pg C), engaging in exchanges with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and thus exerting significant control over atmospheric CO2 levels. The average concentration of inorganic carbon in the ocean is approximately ~2.3 mmol kg−1, with a residence time of about ~200 thousand years.

Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean primarily exists in three inorganic forms: free aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2(aq)), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and carbonate ion (CO32−). A minor presence is true carbonic acid (H2CO3), accounting for less than 0.3% of [CO2(aq)]. The combined concentrations of [CO2(aq)] and [H2CO3] are represented as [CO2].The predominant form of dissolved inorganic carbon in the contemporary ocean is bicarbonate (HCO3−), comprising over 85% of the total.

Carbon dioxide undergoes exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean through molecular diffusion. A disparity in CO2 pressure between the atmosphere and the ocean drives the exchange of CO2. Specifically, CO2 transfers from the air to the water when the atmospheric CO2 pressure is higher. The ocean dissolves CO2 due to its solubility.

The solubility of carbon dioxide is influenced by the water's salinity and temperature, with a limited capacity for absorption by the water. Colder water has a higher capacity to dissolve CO2, contributing to variations in solubility.

=Method=
A Bjerrum plot illustrates the concentrations of various species of a polyprotic acid in a solution at equilibrium, plotted against the pH of the solution. Given the broad range of concentrations spanning multiple orders of magnitude, it is customary to represent them on a logarithmic scale. In certain instances, the plot may depict ratios of concentrations instead of their absolute values. Occasionally, the concentrations of H+ and OH− ions are also included in the plot.

[[File:Bjerrum_plot.png|thumb|center|850px|Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.]]

Suppose that the reactions between carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, bicarbonate and carbonate ions, all dissolved in water, are as follows:

[[File:Co2_formula.png]]

An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water leads to a decrease in the proportion of carbon dioxide that reacts with water to form carbonic acid. But due to the general increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water, the pH of such water will decrease to a value of 4.0. Below this value, carbon dioxide is practically insoluble in water.

Consider an example in which water containing carbon dioxide also contains sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). In this case, calculation of the pH value is possible using equation.

The water contains the following concentrations of carbon dioxide and sodium bicarbonate:

[[File:PH_formula.png|350px|]]

Here it is necessary to clarify how the record form for the request was obtained. The dissociation constant or equilibrium constant of the equation for the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water at the first stage is equal to K1 = 4.45 * 10-7. The equilibrium (dissociation) constant of a given medical regimen can be written as:

[[File:Dissociation_constant.png|550px|]]

=Variables=
The model setup:
• '''Units for Time''' = Year

• '''INITIAL TIME''' = 0

• '''FINAL TIME''' = 250

• '''TIME STEP''' = 1

The model variables are set as follows:

• '''Dissociation constant''' = 6.352

• '''Bicarbonate''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*98''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean / 100 * 98

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration''' = Bicarbonate*0.001/Molar mass HCO3

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l''' = Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration*1000

• '''Carbon dioxide''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration''' = Carbon dioxide*0.001/Molar mass CO2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l''' = Carbon dioxide concentration*1000

• '''pH value''' = Dissociation constant+LOG("Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l"/"Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l", 10)

• '''Molar mass HCO3''' = 61

• '''Molar mass CO2''' = 44

• '''Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean''' = Atmosphere/100*30

• '''Atmosphere''' = INTEG (CO2 emissions+CO2 release+decomposition+respiration-CO2 absorption-photosynthesis,898.86)

• '''ocean mixing''' = 100*(Deep Ocean/38100)

• '''Ocean surface''' = INTEG (
CO2 absorption+ocean mixing-remains-CO2 release,
1020)

• '''Deep Ocean''' = INTEG (
remains-ocean mixing,
38100)

• '''photosynthesis''' = 121.8*(Atmosphere/750)

• '''Forest''' = INTEG (
photosynthesis-death-respiration,
610)

• '''death''' = 60 * (Forest/610)

• '''CO2 emissions''' = 5.5

• '''Fuel''' = INTEG (
-CO2 emissions,
10000)

• '''remains''' = 91.6 * (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''CO2 absorption''' = 92 * (Atmosphere/750)

• '''CO2 release''' = 90* (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''decomposition''' = 60 * (Soils/1580)

• '''respiration''' = 61.6 * (Forest/610)

• '''Soils''' = INTEG (
death-decomposition,
1580)

=Model=
The diagram of carbon dioxide shows exchange in the atmosphere and its impact on ocean water acidity in the context of climate change. The diagram begins by indicating the primary sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, including industrial processes, fuel combustion. The diagram illustrates how carbon dioxide is partially absorbed by the ocean. Remains and carbon dioxide sink into the depths of the ocean. Additionally, the model allows for the measurement of water pH depending on the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

[[File:Carbon_dioxide_Stock_and_flow_diagram.png|thumb|center|850px||Stock and flow diagram]]

=Results=
[[File:Carbon_level1.png|thumb|center|650px||Carbon level]]
[[File:Carbon_Level.png|thumb|center|850px||pH value]]
[[File:Graph3.png|thumb|center|850px||Bicarbonate and Carbon dioxide concentration changes]]
[[File:Atmosphere.png|thumb|center|850px||Carbon level in Atmosphere]]

=Conclusion=
=Sources=
#Sterman, J. (2000). Business dynamics : systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Boston, Ma.: Irwin/McGraw-Hill
#PRUYT, Erik. Small System Dynamics Models for Big Issues: Triple Jump towards Real-World Complexity [online]. Version 1.0. TU Delft Library, Delft, The Netherlands, 2013 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:10980974-69c3-4357-962f-d923160ab638/datastream/OBJ/link.pdf
#The Ocean Carbon Cycle. Harvard Magazine [online]. 2002, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2002/11/the-ocean-carbon-cycle-html
#Kopp, Otto C.. "fossil fuel". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Jan. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/science/fossil-fuel. Accessed 21 January 2024.
# Pang, S., Deng, C., & Chen, S. (2022). System dynamics models of online lending platform based on vensim simulation technology and analysis of interest rate evolution trend. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience : CIN, 2022doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9776138
# Q. Yang and M. Li, "Information System Computer Dynamics Simulation of the Water Traffic Emergency Rescue by Vensim Software," 2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Civil Aviation Safety and Information Technology (ICCASIT), Changsha, China, 2021, pp. 614-620, doi: 10.1109/ICCASIT53235.2021.9633389.
# Watson, A.J., Schuster, U., Shutler, J.D. et al. Revised estimates of ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux are consistent with ocean carbon inventory. Nat Commun 11, 4422 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18203-3
# Rogge, A., Janout, M., Loginova, N. et al. Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water. Nat. Geosci. 16, 82–88 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01069-z
# Fogwill, C.J., Turney, C.S.M., Menviel, L. et al. Southern Ocean carbon sink enhanced by sea-ice feedbacks at the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Nat. Geosci. 13, 489–497 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0587-0
#YOUSSEF, AbdAllah, Qi SHAO a S. MATTHÄI. Simplified Numeric Simulation Approach for CO2,g-Water Flow and Trapping at Near-Surface Conditions. Peter Cook Centre for CCS Research & Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. 2023, 2022, 15.
#RAVEN, J. A. a P. G. FALKOWSKI. Oceanic sinks for atmospheric CO 2. Plant, Cell & Environment [online]. 1999, 22(6), 741-755 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 0140-7791. Dostupné z: doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00419.x
#SHAHEEN NAJAM, Uzma. Modeling of Carbon dioxide Emission and Control Through Forestation. Nanjing Forestry University, 2016. Disertace. Nanjing Forestry University.
#CHU, Bing, Stephen DUNCAN, Antonis PAPACHRISTODOULOU a Cameron HEPBURN. Analysis and control design of sustainable policies for greenhouse gas emissions. Applied Thermal Engineering [online]. 2013, 53(2), 420-431 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 13594311. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.04.022
#SHAFFER, Don a Kevin WALLACE. Carbon Cycle A CORE LEARNING GOALS ACTIVITY FOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS [online]. Maryland Virtual High School, 2000 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Http://204.85.28.57/mvhsproj/carbon/carbontea.pdf. Maryland Virtual High School.
#MEYERS, Robert A., ed. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science [online]. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISBN 978-0-387-75888-6. Dostupné z: doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3
#AKHTAR, M., S. SIMONOVIC, J. WIBE, J. MACGEE a J. DAVIES. An Integrated System Dynamics Model for Analyzing Behaviour of the Social-Energy-Economic-Climatic System: User’s Manual [online]. 1. THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, August 2011 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=wrrr
#CARBON DIOXIDE, DISSOLVED (OCEAN). Hawai, 2007. Článek. University of Hawai at Manoa.
#Understanding the Ocean Acidification Equation and Its Biological Impact. Sensorex [online]. 2020, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://sensorex.com/understanding-the-ocean-acidification-equation-and-its-biological-impact/
#Oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump. Tiny marine animals are key to working out its climate impacts. SHADWICK, ELIZABETH, TYLER ROHR a ANTHONY RICHARDSON. CSIRO [online]. 2023 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.csiro.au/en/news/all/articles/2023/june/oceans-absorb-emissions
#CO2 removal from atmosphere is crucial for climate protection. Geomar [online]. 2023, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.geomar.de/en/news/article/co2-removal-from-atmosphere-is-crucial-for-climate-protection
#National Centers for Environmental Information [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/
#How the oceans store CO2 is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle. PMEL [online]. 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Carbon+Storage
#Carbon Dioxide. Climate Nasa [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/
#BERNER, Robert, Antonio LASAGA a Robert GARRELS. The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years. American Journal of Science [online]. 1983, 43 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://web.colby.edu/ch217public/files/2016/02/Berner-Lasaga-and-Garrels-1983.pdf
#JUAN, Martn. System Dynamics Modelling with Vensim. Edition 2021. Independently Published, 2021. ISBN 9781718077027.
#

=Code=
[[File:Simulation_of_Carbon_dioxide.mdl]]

File:Graph3.png

2024-01-21T01:51:42Z

Tata05: Tata05 uploaded a new version of File:Graph3.png

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

2024-01-21T01:50:20Z

Tata05: /* Results */

'''Name:''' Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake<br>
'''Author:''' Aiyyna Tatarinova<br>
'''Method:''' System dynamic<br>
'''Tool:''' Vensim<br><br>
=Introduction and Problem definition=
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a crucial greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat. It originates from the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), wildfires, and natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions. The initial chart displays the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) recorded by NOAA at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii since 1958.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Athmospheric CO2]]

Since the advent of industrialization in the 18th century, human activities have elevated atmospheric CO2 levels by 50%, resulting in the current amount being 150% of its value in 1750. This anthropogenic increase surpasses the naturally occurring rise observed at the conclusion of the last ice age 20,000 years ago. Carbon is in carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that traps heat close to Earth. It helps Earth hold some of the heat it receives from the Sun so it doesn't all escape back into space. But CO2 is only good up to a point – beyond that point, Earth's temperature warms up too much. NASA research satellites such as OCO-2 and OCO-3 are studying how carbon moves around the planet.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2_2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|This graph shows how atmospheric CO2 has increased since the Industrial Revolution]]

The ocean holds approximately sixty times more carbon in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon than the pre-anthropogenic atmosphere (~600 Pg C). Over time scales <105 years, the ocean serves as the largest reservoir of inorganic carbon (~38,000 Pg C), engaging in exchanges with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and thus exerting significant control over atmospheric CO2 levels. The average concentration of inorganic carbon in the ocean is approximately ~2.3 mmol kg−1, with a residence time of about ~200 thousand years.

Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean primarily exists in three inorganic forms: free aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2(aq)), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and carbonate ion (CO32−). A minor presence is true carbonic acid (H2CO3), accounting for less than 0.3% of [CO2(aq)]. The combined concentrations of [CO2(aq)] and [H2CO3] are represented as [CO2].The predominant form of dissolved inorganic carbon in the contemporary ocean is bicarbonate (HCO3−), comprising over 85% of the total.

Carbon dioxide undergoes exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean through molecular diffusion. A disparity in CO2 pressure between the atmosphere and the ocean drives the exchange of CO2. Specifically, CO2 transfers from the air to the water when the atmospheric CO2 pressure is higher. The ocean dissolves CO2 due to its solubility.

The solubility of carbon dioxide is influenced by the water's salinity and temperature, with a limited capacity for absorption by the water. Colder water has a higher capacity to dissolve CO2, contributing to variations in solubility.

=Method=
A Bjerrum plot illustrates the concentrations of various species of a polyprotic acid in a solution at equilibrium, plotted against the pH of the solution. Given the broad range of concentrations spanning multiple orders of magnitude, it is customary to represent them on a logarithmic scale. In certain instances, the plot may depict ratios of concentrations instead of their absolute values. Occasionally, the concentrations of H+ and OH− ions are also included in the plot.

[[File:Bjerrum_plot.png|thumb|center|850px|Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.]]

Suppose that the reactions between carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, bicarbonate and carbonate ions, all dissolved in water, are as follows:

[[File:Co2_formula.png]]

An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water leads to a decrease in the proportion of carbon dioxide that reacts with water to form carbonic acid. But due to the general increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water, the pH of such water will decrease to a value of 4.0. Below this value, carbon dioxide is practically insoluble in water.

Consider an example in which water containing carbon dioxide also contains sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). In this case, calculation of the pH value is possible using equation.

The water contains the following concentrations of carbon dioxide and sodium bicarbonate:

[[File:PH_formula.png|350px|]]

Here it is necessary to clarify how the record form for the request was obtained. The dissociation constant or equilibrium constant of the equation for the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water at the first stage is equal to K1 = 4.45 * 10-7. The equilibrium (dissociation) constant of a given medical regimen can be written as:

[[File:Dissociation_constant.png|550px|]]

=Variables=
The model setup:
• '''Units for Time''' = Year

• '''INITIAL TIME''' = 0

• '''FINAL TIME''' = 250

• '''TIME STEP''' = 1

The model variables are set as follows:

• '''Dissociation constant''' = 6.352

• '''Bicarbonate''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*98''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean / 100 * 98

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration''' = Bicarbonate*0.001/Molar mass HCO3

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l''' = Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration*1000

• '''Carbon dioxide''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration''' = Carbon dioxide*0.001/Molar mass CO2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l''' = Carbon dioxide concentration*1000

• '''pH value''' = Dissociation constant+LOG("Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l"/"Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l", 10)

• '''Molar mass HCO3''' = 61

• '''Molar mass CO2''' = 44

• '''Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean''' = Atmosphere/100*30

• '''Atmosphere''' = INTEG (CO2 emissions+CO2 release+decomposition+respiration-CO2 absorption-photosynthesis,898.86)

• '''ocean mixing''' = 100*(Deep Ocean/38100)

• '''Ocean surface''' = INTEG (
CO2 absorption+ocean mixing-remains-CO2 release,
1020)

• '''Deep Ocean''' = INTEG (
remains-ocean mixing,
38100)

• '''photosynthesis''' = 121.8*(Atmosphere/750)

• '''Forest''' = INTEG (
photosynthesis-death-respiration,
610)

• '''death''' = 60 * (Forest/610)

• '''CO2 emissions''' = 5.5

• '''Fuel''' = INTEG (
-CO2 emissions,
10000)

• '''remains''' = 91.6 * (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''CO2 absorption''' = 92 * (Atmosphere/750)

• '''CO2 release''' = 90* (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''decomposition''' = 60 * (Soils/1580)

• '''respiration''' = 61.6 * (Forest/610)

• '''Soils''' = INTEG (
death-decomposition,
1580)

=Model=
The diagram of carbon dioxide shows exchange in the atmosphere and its impact on ocean water acidity in the context of climate change. The diagram begins by indicating the primary sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, including industrial processes, fuel combustion. The diagram illustrates how carbon dioxide is partially absorbed by the ocean. Remains and carbon dioxide sink into the depths of the ocean. Additionally, the model allows for the measurement of water pH depending on the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

[[File:Carbon_dioxide_Stock_and_flow_diagram.png|thumb|center|850px||Stock and flow diagram]]

=Results=
[[File:Carbon_level1.png|thumb|center|650px||Carbon level]]
[[File:Carbon_Level.png|thumb|center|850px||pH value]]
[[File:Graph3.png|thumb|center|850px||Concentration changes]]
[[File:Atmosphere.png|thumb|center|850px||Carbon level in Atmosphere]]

=Conclusion=
=Sources=
#Sterman, J. (2000). Business dynamics : systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Boston, Ma.: Irwin/McGraw-Hill
#PRUYT, Erik. Small System Dynamics Models for Big Issues: Triple Jump towards Real-World Complexity [online]. Version 1.0. TU Delft Library, Delft, The Netherlands, 2013 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:10980974-69c3-4357-962f-d923160ab638/datastream/OBJ/link.pdf
#The Ocean Carbon Cycle. Harvard Magazine [online]. 2002, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2002/11/the-ocean-carbon-cycle-html
#Kopp, Otto C.. "fossil fuel". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Jan. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/science/fossil-fuel. Accessed 21 January 2024.
# Pang, S., Deng, C., & Chen, S. (2022). System dynamics models of online lending platform based on vensim simulation technology and analysis of interest rate evolution trend. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience : CIN, 2022doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9776138
# Q. Yang and M. Li, "Information System Computer Dynamics Simulation of the Water Traffic Emergency Rescue by Vensim Software," 2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Civil Aviation Safety and Information Technology (ICCASIT), Changsha, China, 2021, pp. 614-620, doi: 10.1109/ICCASIT53235.2021.9633389.
# Watson, A.J., Schuster, U., Shutler, J.D. et al. Revised estimates of ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux are consistent with ocean carbon inventory. Nat Commun 11, 4422 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18203-3
# Rogge, A., Janout, M., Loginova, N. et al. Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water. Nat. Geosci. 16, 82–88 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01069-z
# Fogwill, C.J., Turney, C.S.M., Menviel, L. et al. Southern Ocean carbon sink enhanced by sea-ice feedbacks at the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Nat. Geosci. 13, 489–497 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0587-0
#YOUSSEF, AbdAllah, Qi SHAO a S. MATTHÄI. Simplified Numeric Simulation Approach for CO2,g-Water Flow and Trapping at Near-Surface Conditions. Peter Cook Centre for CCS Research & Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. 2023, 2022, 15.
#RAVEN, J. A. a P. G. FALKOWSKI. Oceanic sinks for atmospheric CO 2. Plant, Cell & Environment [online]. 1999, 22(6), 741-755 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 0140-7791. Dostupné z: doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00419.x
#SHAHEEN NAJAM, Uzma. Modeling of Carbon dioxide Emission and Control Through Forestation. Nanjing Forestry University, 2016. Disertace. Nanjing Forestry University.
#CHU, Bing, Stephen DUNCAN, Antonis PAPACHRISTODOULOU a Cameron HEPBURN. Analysis and control design of sustainable policies for greenhouse gas emissions. Applied Thermal Engineering [online]. 2013, 53(2), 420-431 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 13594311. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.04.022
#SHAFFER, Don a Kevin WALLACE. Carbon Cycle A CORE LEARNING GOALS ACTIVITY FOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS [online]. Maryland Virtual High School, 2000 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Http://204.85.28.57/mvhsproj/carbon/carbontea.pdf. Maryland Virtual High School.
#MEYERS, Robert A., ed. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science [online]. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISBN 978-0-387-75888-6. Dostupné z: doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3
#AKHTAR, M., S. SIMONOVIC, J. WIBE, J. MACGEE a J. DAVIES. An Integrated System Dynamics Model for Analyzing Behaviour of the Social-Energy-Economic-Climatic System: User’s Manual [online]. 1. THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, August 2011 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=wrrr
#CARBON DIOXIDE, DISSOLVED (OCEAN). Hawai, 2007. Článek. University of Hawai at Manoa.
#Understanding the Ocean Acidification Equation and Its Biological Impact. Sensorex [online]. 2020, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://sensorex.com/understanding-the-ocean-acidification-equation-and-its-biological-impact/
#Oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump. Tiny marine animals are key to working out its climate impacts. SHADWICK, ELIZABETH, TYLER ROHR a ANTHONY RICHARDSON. CSIRO [online]. 2023 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.csiro.au/en/news/all/articles/2023/june/oceans-absorb-emissions
#CO2 removal from atmosphere is crucial for climate protection. Geomar [online]. 2023, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.geomar.de/en/news/article/co2-removal-from-atmosphere-is-crucial-for-climate-protection
#National Centers for Environmental Information [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/
#How the oceans store CO2 is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle. PMEL [online]. 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Carbon+Storage
#Carbon Dioxide. Climate Nasa [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/
#BERNER, Robert, Antonio LASAGA a Robert GARRELS. The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years. American Journal of Science [online]. 1983, 43 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://web.colby.edu/ch217public/files/2016/02/Berner-Lasaga-and-Garrels-1983.pdf
#JUAN, Martn. System Dynamics Modelling with Vensim. Edition 2021. Independently Published, 2021. ISBN 9781718077027.
#

=Code=
[[File:Simulation_of_Carbon_dioxide.mdl]]

File:Atmosphere.png

2024-01-21T01:45:26Z

Tata05:

File:Graph3.png

2024-01-21T01:42:33Z

Tata05:

File:Carbon level1.png

2024-01-21T01:41:43Z

Tata05:

File:Carbon Level.png

2024-01-21T01:40:23Z

Tata05:

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

2024-01-21T01:38:19Z

Tata05: /* Code */

'''Name:''' Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake<br>
'''Author:''' Aiyyna Tatarinova<br>
'''Method:''' System dynamic<br>
'''Tool:''' Vensim<br><br>
=Introduction and Problem definition=
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a crucial greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat. It originates from the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), wildfires, and natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions. The initial chart displays the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) recorded by NOAA at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii since 1958.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Athmospheric CO2]]

Since the advent of industrialization in the 18th century, human activities have elevated atmospheric CO2 levels by 50%, resulting in the current amount being 150% of its value in 1750. This anthropogenic increase surpasses the naturally occurring rise observed at the conclusion of the last ice age 20,000 years ago. Carbon is in carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that traps heat close to Earth. It helps Earth hold some of the heat it receives from the Sun so it doesn't all escape back into space. But CO2 is only good up to a point – beyond that point, Earth's temperature warms up too much. NASA research satellites such as OCO-2 and OCO-3 are studying how carbon moves around the planet.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2_2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|This graph shows how atmospheric CO2 has increased since the Industrial Revolution]]

The ocean holds approximately sixty times more carbon in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon than the pre-anthropogenic atmosphere (~600 Pg C). Over time scales <105 years, the ocean serves as the largest reservoir of inorganic carbon (~38,000 Pg C), engaging in exchanges with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and thus exerting significant control over atmospheric CO2 levels. The average concentration of inorganic carbon in the ocean is approximately ~2.3 mmol kg−1, with a residence time of about ~200 thousand years.

Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean primarily exists in three inorganic forms: free aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2(aq)), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and carbonate ion (CO32−). A minor presence is true carbonic acid (H2CO3), accounting for less than 0.3% of [CO2(aq)]. The combined concentrations of [CO2(aq)] and [H2CO3] are represented as [CO2].The predominant form of dissolved inorganic carbon in the contemporary ocean is bicarbonate (HCO3−), comprising over 85% of the total.

Carbon dioxide undergoes exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean through molecular diffusion. A disparity in CO2 pressure between the atmosphere and the ocean drives the exchange of CO2. Specifically, CO2 transfers from the air to the water when the atmospheric CO2 pressure is higher. The ocean dissolves CO2 due to its solubility.

The solubility of carbon dioxide is influenced by the water's salinity and temperature, with a limited capacity for absorption by the water. Colder water has a higher capacity to dissolve CO2, contributing to variations in solubility.

=Method=
A Bjerrum plot illustrates the concentrations of various species of a polyprotic acid in a solution at equilibrium, plotted against the pH of the solution. Given the broad range of concentrations spanning multiple orders of magnitude, it is customary to represent them on a logarithmic scale. In certain instances, the plot may depict ratios of concentrations instead of their absolute values. Occasionally, the concentrations of H+ and OH− ions are also included in the plot.

[[File:Bjerrum_plot.png|thumb|center|850px|Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.]]

Suppose that the reactions between carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, bicarbonate and carbonate ions, all dissolved in water, are as follows:

[[File:Co2_formula.png]]

An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water leads to a decrease in the proportion of carbon dioxide that reacts with water to form carbonic acid. But due to the general increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water, the pH of such water will decrease to a value of 4.0. Below this value, carbon dioxide is practically insoluble in water.

Consider an example in which water containing carbon dioxide also contains sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). In this case, calculation of the pH value is possible using equation.

The water contains the following concentrations of carbon dioxide and sodium bicarbonate:

[[File:PH_formula.png|350px|]]

Here it is necessary to clarify how the record form for the request was obtained. The dissociation constant or equilibrium constant of the equation for the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water at the first stage is equal to K1 = 4.45 * 10-7. The equilibrium (dissociation) constant of a given medical regimen can be written as:

[[File:Dissociation_constant.png|550px|]]

=Variables=
The model setup:
• '''Units for Time''' = Year

• '''INITIAL TIME''' = 0

• '''FINAL TIME''' = 250

• '''TIME STEP''' = 1

The model variables are set as follows:

• '''Dissociation constant''' = 6.352

• '''Bicarbonate''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*98''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean / 100 * 98

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration''' = Bicarbonate*0.001/Molar mass HCO3

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l''' = Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration*1000

• '''Carbon dioxide''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration''' = Carbon dioxide*0.001/Molar mass CO2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l''' = Carbon dioxide concentration*1000

• '''pH value''' = Dissociation constant+LOG("Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l"/"Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l", 10)

• '''Molar mass HCO3''' = 61

• '''Molar mass CO2''' = 44

• '''Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean''' = Atmosphere/100*30

• '''Atmosphere''' = INTEG (CO2 emissions+CO2 release+decomposition+respiration-CO2 absorption-photosynthesis,898.86)

• '''ocean mixing''' = 100*(Deep Ocean/38100)

• '''Ocean surface''' = INTEG (
CO2 absorption+ocean mixing-remains-CO2 release,
1020)

• '''Deep Ocean''' = INTEG (
remains-ocean mixing,
38100)

• '''photosynthesis''' = 121.8*(Atmosphere/750)

• '''Forest''' = INTEG (
photosynthesis-death-respiration,
610)

• '''death''' = 60 * (Forest/610)

• '''CO2 emissions''' = 5.5

• '''Fuel''' = INTEG (
-CO2 emissions,
10000)

• '''remains''' = 91.6 * (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''CO2 absorption''' = 92 * (Atmosphere/750)

• '''CO2 release''' = 90* (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''decomposition''' = 60 * (Soils/1580)

• '''respiration''' = 61.6 * (Forest/610)

• '''Soils''' = INTEG (
death-decomposition,
1580)

=Model=
The diagram of carbon dioxide shows exchange in the atmosphere and its impact on ocean water acidity in the context of climate change. The diagram begins by indicating the primary sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, including industrial processes, fuel combustion. The diagram illustrates how carbon dioxide is partially absorbed by the ocean. Remains and carbon dioxide sink into the depths of the ocean. Additionally, the model allows for the measurement of water pH depending on the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

[[File:Carbon_dioxide_Stock_and_flow_diagram.png|thumb|center|850px||Stock and flow diagram]]

=Results=
=Conclusion=
=Sources=
#Sterman, J. (2000). Business dynamics : systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Boston, Ma.: Irwin/McGraw-Hill
#PRUYT, Erik. Small System Dynamics Models for Big Issues: Triple Jump towards Real-World Complexity [online]. Version 1.0. TU Delft Library, Delft, The Netherlands, 2013 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:10980974-69c3-4357-962f-d923160ab638/datastream/OBJ/link.pdf
#The Ocean Carbon Cycle. Harvard Magazine [online]. 2002, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2002/11/the-ocean-carbon-cycle-html
#Kopp, Otto C.. "fossil fuel". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Jan. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/science/fossil-fuel. Accessed 21 January 2024.
# Pang, S., Deng, C., & Chen, S. (2022). System dynamics models of online lending platform based on vensim simulation technology and analysis of interest rate evolution trend. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience : CIN, 2022doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9776138
# Q. Yang and M. Li, "Information System Computer Dynamics Simulation of the Water Traffic Emergency Rescue by Vensim Software," 2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Civil Aviation Safety and Information Technology (ICCASIT), Changsha, China, 2021, pp. 614-620, doi: 10.1109/ICCASIT53235.2021.9633389.
# Watson, A.J., Schuster, U., Shutler, J.D. et al. Revised estimates of ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux are consistent with ocean carbon inventory. Nat Commun 11, 4422 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18203-3
# Rogge, A., Janout, M., Loginova, N. et al. Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water. Nat. Geosci. 16, 82–88 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01069-z
# Fogwill, C.J., Turney, C.S.M., Menviel, L. et al. Southern Ocean carbon sink enhanced by sea-ice feedbacks at the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Nat. Geosci. 13, 489–497 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0587-0
#YOUSSEF, AbdAllah, Qi SHAO a S. MATTHÄI. Simplified Numeric Simulation Approach for CO2,g-Water Flow and Trapping at Near-Surface Conditions. Peter Cook Centre for CCS Research & Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. 2023, 2022, 15.
#RAVEN, J. A. a P. G. FALKOWSKI. Oceanic sinks for atmospheric CO 2. Plant, Cell & Environment [online]. 1999, 22(6), 741-755 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 0140-7791. Dostupné z: doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00419.x
#SHAHEEN NAJAM, Uzma. Modeling of Carbon dioxide Emission and Control Through Forestation. Nanjing Forestry University, 2016. Disertace. Nanjing Forestry University.
#CHU, Bing, Stephen DUNCAN, Antonis PAPACHRISTODOULOU a Cameron HEPBURN. Analysis and control design of sustainable policies for greenhouse gas emissions. Applied Thermal Engineering [online]. 2013, 53(2), 420-431 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 13594311. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.04.022
#SHAFFER, Don a Kevin WALLACE. Carbon Cycle A CORE LEARNING GOALS ACTIVITY FOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS [online]. Maryland Virtual High School, 2000 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Http://204.85.28.57/mvhsproj/carbon/carbontea.pdf. Maryland Virtual High School.
#MEYERS, Robert A., ed. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science [online]. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISBN 978-0-387-75888-6. Dostupné z: doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3
#AKHTAR, M., S. SIMONOVIC, J. WIBE, J. MACGEE a J. DAVIES. An Integrated System Dynamics Model for Analyzing Behaviour of the Social-Energy-Economic-Climatic System: User’s Manual [online]. 1. THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, August 2011 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=wrrr
#CARBON DIOXIDE, DISSOLVED (OCEAN). Hawai, 2007. Článek. University of Hawai at Manoa.
#Understanding the Ocean Acidification Equation and Its Biological Impact. Sensorex [online]. 2020, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://sensorex.com/understanding-the-ocean-acidification-equation-and-its-biological-impact/
#Oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump. Tiny marine animals are key to working out its climate impacts. SHADWICK, ELIZABETH, TYLER ROHR a ANTHONY RICHARDSON. CSIRO [online]. 2023 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.csiro.au/en/news/all/articles/2023/june/oceans-absorb-emissions
#CO2 removal from atmosphere is crucial for climate protection. Geomar [online]. 2023, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.geomar.de/en/news/article/co2-removal-from-atmosphere-is-crucial-for-climate-protection
#National Centers for Environmental Information [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/
#How the oceans store CO2 is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle. PMEL [online]. 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Carbon+Storage
#Carbon Dioxide. Climate Nasa [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/
#BERNER, Robert, Antonio LASAGA a Robert GARRELS. The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years. American Journal of Science [online]. 1983, 43 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://web.colby.edu/ch217public/files/2016/02/Berner-Lasaga-and-Garrels-1983.pdf
#JUAN, Martn. System Dynamics Modelling with Vensim. Edition 2021. Independently Published, 2021. ISBN 9781718077027.
#

=Code=
[[File:Simulation_of_Carbon_dioxide.mdl]]

File:Simulation of Carbon dioxide.mdl

2024-01-21T01:37:26Z

Tata05:

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

2024-01-21T00:52:05Z

Tata05:

'''Name:''' Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake<br>
'''Author:''' Aiyyna Tatarinova<br>
'''Method:''' System dynamic<br>
'''Tool:''' Vensim<br><br>
=Introduction and Problem definition=
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a crucial greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat. It originates from the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), wildfires, and natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions. The initial chart displays the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) recorded by NOAA at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii since 1958.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Athmospheric CO2]]

Since the advent of industrialization in the 18th century, human activities have elevated atmospheric CO2 levels by 50%, resulting in the current amount being 150% of its value in 1750. This anthropogenic increase surpasses the naturally occurring rise observed at the conclusion of the last ice age 20,000 years ago. Carbon is in carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that traps heat close to Earth. It helps Earth hold some of the heat it receives from the Sun so it doesn't all escape back into space. But CO2 is only good up to a point – beyond that point, Earth's temperature warms up too much. NASA research satellites such as OCO-2 and OCO-3 are studying how carbon moves around the planet.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2_2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|This graph shows how atmospheric CO2 has increased since the Industrial Revolution]]

The ocean holds approximately sixty times more carbon in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon than the pre-anthropogenic atmosphere (~600 Pg C). Over time scales <105 years, the ocean serves as the largest reservoir of inorganic carbon (~38,000 Pg C), engaging in exchanges with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and thus exerting significant control over atmospheric CO2 levels. The average concentration of inorganic carbon in the ocean is approximately ~2.3 mmol kg−1, with a residence time of about ~200 thousand years.

Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean primarily exists in three inorganic forms: free aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2(aq)), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and carbonate ion (CO32−). A minor presence is true carbonic acid (H2CO3), accounting for less than 0.3% of [CO2(aq)]. The combined concentrations of [CO2(aq)] and [H2CO3] are represented as [CO2].The predominant form of dissolved inorganic carbon in the contemporary ocean is bicarbonate (HCO3−), comprising over 85% of the total.

Carbon dioxide undergoes exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean through molecular diffusion. A disparity in CO2 pressure between the atmosphere and the ocean drives the exchange of CO2. Specifically, CO2 transfers from the air to the water when the atmospheric CO2 pressure is higher. The ocean dissolves CO2 due to its solubility.

The solubility of carbon dioxide is influenced by the water's salinity and temperature, with a limited capacity for absorption by the water. Colder water has a higher capacity to dissolve CO2, contributing to variations in solubility.

=Method=
A Bjerrum plot illustrates the concentrations of various species of a polyprotic acid in a solution at equilibrium, plotted against the pH of the solution. Given the broad range of concentrations spanning multiple orders of magnitude, it is customary to represent them on a logarithmic scale. In certain instances, the plot may depict ratios of concentrations instead of their absolute values. Occasionally, the concentrations of H+ and OH− ions are also included in the plot.

[[File:Bjerrum_plot.png|thumb|center|850px|Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.]]

Suppose that the reactions between carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, bicarbonate and carbonate ions, all dissolved in water, are as follows:

[[File:Co2_formula.png]]

An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water leads to a decrease in the proportion of carbon dioxide that reacts with water to form carbonic acid. But due to the general increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water, the pH of such water will decrease to a value of 4.0. Below this value, carbon dioxide is practically insoluble in water.

Consider an example in which water containing carbon dioxide also contains sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). In this case, calculation of the pH value is possible using equation.

The water contains the following concentrations of carbon dioxide and sodium bicarbonate:

[[File:PH_formula.png|350px|]]

Here it is necessary to clarify how the record form for the request was obtained. The dissociation constant or equilibrium constant of the equation for the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water at the first stage is equal to K1 = 4.45 * 10-7. The equilibrium (dissociation) constant of a given medical regimen can be written as:

[[File:Dissociation_constant.png|550px|]]

=Variables=
The model setup:
• '''Units for Time''' = Year

• '''INITIAL TIME''' = 0

• '''FINAL TIME''' = 250

• '''TIME STEP''' = 1

The model variables are set as follows:

• '''Dissociation constant''' = 6.352

• '''Bicarbonate''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*98''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean / 100 * 98

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration''' = Bicarbonate*0.001/Molar mass HCO3

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l''' = Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration*1000

• '''Carbon dioxide''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration''' = Carbon dioxide*0.001/Molar mass CO2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l''' = Carbon dioxide concentration*1000

• '''pH value''' = Dissociation constant+LOG("Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l"/"Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l", 10)

• '''Molar mass HCO3''' = 61

• '''Molar mass CO2''' = 44

• '''Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean''' = Atmosphere/100*30

• '''Atmosphere''' = INTEG (CO2 emissions+CO2 release+decomposition+respiration-CO2 absorption-photosynthesis,898.86)

• '''ocean mixing''' = 100*(Deep Ocean/38100)

• '''Ocean surface''' = INTEG (
CO2 absorption+ocean mixing-remains-CO2 release,
1020)

• '''Deep Ocean''' = INTEG (
remains-ocean mixing,
38100)

• '''photosynthesis''' = 121.8*(Atmosphere/750)

• '''Forest''' = INTEG (
photosynthesis-death-respiration,
610)

• '''death''' = 60 * (Forest/610)

• '''CO2 emissions''' = 5.5

• '''Fuel''' = INTEG (
-CO2 emissions,
10000)

• '''remains''' = 91.6 * (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''CO2 absorption''' = 92 * (Atmosphere/750)

• '''CO2 release''' = 90* (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''decomposition''' = 60 * (Soils/1580)

• '''respiration''' = 61.6 * (Forest/610)

• '''Soils''' = INTEG (
death-decomposition,
1580)

=Model=
The diagram of carbon dioxide shows exchange in the atmosphere and its impact on ocean water acidity in the context of climate change. The diagram begins by indicating the primary sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, including industrial processes, fuel combustion. The diagram illustrates how carbon dioxide is partially absorbed by the ocean. Remains and carbon dioxide sink into the depths of the ocean. Additionally, the model allows for the measurement of water pH depending on the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

[[File:Carbon_dioxide_Stock_and_flow_diagram.png|thumb|center|850px||Stock and flow diagram]]

=Results=
=Conclusion=
=Sources=
#Sterman, J. (2000). Business dynamics : systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Boston, Ma.: Irwin/McGraw-Hill
#PRUYT, Erik. Small System Dynamics Models for Big Issues: Triple Jump towards Real-World Complexity [online]. Version 1.0. TU Delft Library, Delft, The Netherlands, 2013 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:10980974-69c3-4357-962f-d923160ab638/datastream/OBJ/link.pdf
#The Ocean Carbon Cycle. Harvard Magazine [online]. 2002, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2002/11/the-ocean-carbon-cycle-html
#Kopp, Otto C.. "fossil fuel". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Jan. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/science/fossil-fuel. Accessed 21 January 2024.
# Pang, S., Deng, C., & Chen, S. (2022). System dynamics models of online lending platform based on vensim simulation technology and analysis of interest rate evolution trend. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience : CIN, 2022doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9776138
# Q. Yang and M. Li, "Information System Computer Dynamics Simulation of the Water Traffic Emergency Rescue by Vensim Software," 2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Civil Aviation Safety and Information Technology (ICCASIT), Changsha, China, 2021, pp. 614-620, doi: 10.1109/ICCASIT53235.2021.9633389.
# Watson, A.J., Schuster, U., Shutler, J.D. et al. Revised estimates of ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux are consistent with ocean carbon inventory. Nat Commun 11, 4422 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18203-3
# Rogge, A., Janout, M., Loginova, N. et al. Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water. Nat. Geosci. 16, 82–88 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01069-z
# Fogwill, C.J., Turney, C.S.M., Menviel, L. et al. Southern Ocean carbon sink enhanced by sea-ice feedbacks at the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Nat. Geosci. 13, 489–497 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0587-0
#YOUSSEF, AbdAllah, Qi SHAO a S. MATTHÄI. Simplified Numeric Simulation Approach for CO2,g-Water Flow and Trapping at Near-Surface Conditions. Peter Cook Centre for CCS Research & Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. 2023, 2022, 15.
#RAVEN, J. A. a P. G. FALKOWSKI. Oceanic sinks for atmospheric CO 2. Plant, Cell & Environment [online]. 1999, 22(6), 741-755 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 0140-7791. Dostupné z: doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00419.x
#SHAHEEN NAJAM, Uzma. Modeling of Carbon dioxide Emission and Control Through Forestation. Nanjing Forestry University, 2016. Disertace. Nanjing Forestry University.
#CHU, Bing, Stephen DUNCAN, Antonis PAPACHRISTODOULOU a Cameron HEPBURN. Analysis and control design of sustainable policies for greenhouse gas emissions. Applied Thermal Engineering [online]. 2013, 53(2), 420-431 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 13594311. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.04.022
#SHAFFER, Don a Kevin WALLACE. Carbon Cycle A CORE LEARNING GOALS ACTIVITY FOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS [online]. Maryland Virtual High School, 2000 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Http://204.85.28.57/mvhsproj/carbon/carbontea.pdf. Maryland Virtual High School.
#MEYERS, Robert A., ed. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science [online]. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISBN 978-0-387-75888-6. Dostupné z: doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3
#AKHTAR, M., S. SIMONOVIC, J. WIBE, J. MACGEE a J. DAVIES. An Integrated System Dynamics Model for Analyzing Behaviour of the Social-Energy-Economic-Climatic System: User’s Manual [online]. 1. THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, August 2011 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=wrrr
#CARBON DIOXIDE, DISSOLVED (OCEAN). Hawai, 2007. Článek. University of Hawai at Manoa.
#Understanding the Ocean Acidification Equation and Its Biological Impact. Sensorex [online]. 2020, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://sensorex.com/understanding-the-ocean-acidification-equation-and-its-biological-impact/
#Oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump. Tiny marine animals are key to working out its climate impacts. SHADWICK, ELIZABETH, TYLER ROHR a ANTHONY RICHARDSON. CSIRO [online]. 2023 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.csiro.au/en/news/all/articles/2023/june/oceans-absorb-emissions
#CO2 removal from atmosphere is crucial for climate protection. Geomar [online]. 2023, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.geomar.de/en/news/article/co2-removal-from-atmosphere-is-crucial-for-climate-protection
#National Centers for Environmental Information [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/
#How the oceans store CO2 is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle. PMEL [online]. 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Carbon+Storage
#Carbon Dioxide. Climate Nasa [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/
#BERNER, Robert, Antonio LASAGA a Robert GARRELS. The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years. American Journal of Science [online]. 1983, 43 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://web.colby.edu/ch217public/files/2016/02/Berner-Lasaga-and-Garrels-1983.pdf
#JUAN, Martn. System Dynamics Modelling with Vensim. Edition 2021. Independently Published, 2021. ISBN 9781718077027.
#

=Code=

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

2024-01-21T00:49:11Z

Tata05: /* Sources */

'''Name:''' Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake<br>
'''Author:''' Aiyyna Tatarinova
'''Method:''' System dynamic<br>
'''Tool:''' Vensim<br><br>
=Introduction and Problem definition=
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a crucial greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat. It originates from the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), wildfires, and natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions. The initial chart displays the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) recorded by NOAA at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii since 1958.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Athmospheric CO2]]

Since the advent of industrialization in the 18th century, human activities have elevated atmospheric CO2 levels by 50%, resulting in the current amount being 150% of its value in 1750. This anthropogenic increase surpasses the naturally occurring rise observed at the conclusion of the last ice age 20,000 years ago. Carbon is in carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that traps heat close to Earth. It helps Earth hold some of the heat it receives from the Sun so it doesn't all escape back into space. But CO2 is only good up to a point – beyond that point, Earth's temperature warms up too much. NASA research satellites such as OCO-2 and OCO-3 are studying how carbon moves around the planet.

[[File:Atmospheric_CO2_2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|This graph shows how atmospheric CO2 has increased since the Industrial Revolution]]

The ocean holds approximately sixty times more carbon in the form of dissolved inorganic carbon than the pre-anthropogenic atmosphere (~600 Pg C). Over time scales <105 years, the ocean serves as the largest reservoir of inorganic carbon (~38,000 Pg C), engaging in exchanges with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and thus exerting significant control over atmospheric CO2 levels. The average concentration of inorganic carbon in the ocean is approximately ~2.3 mmol kg−1, with a residence time of about ~200 thousand years.

Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean primarily exists in three inorganic forms: free aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2(aq)), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and carbonate ion (CO32−). A minor presence is true carbonic acid (H2CO3), accounting for less than 0.3% of [CO2(aq)]. The combined concentrations of [CO2(aq)] and [H2CO3] are represented as [CO2].The predominant form of dissolved inorganic carbon in the contemporary ocean is bicarbonate (HCO3−), comprising over 85% of the total.

Carbon dioxide undergoes exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean through molecular diffusion. A disparity in CO2 pressure between the atmosphere and the ocean drives the exchange of CO2. Specifically, CO2 transfers from the air to the water when the atmospheric CO2 pressure is higher. The ocean dissolves CO2 due to its solubility.

The solubility of carbon dioxide is influenced by the water's salinity and temperature, with a limited capacity for absorption by the water. Colder water has a higher capacity to dissolve CO2, contributing to variations in solubility.

=Method=
A Bjerrum plot illustrates the concentrations of various species of a polyprotic acid in a solution at equilibrium, plotted against the pH of the solution. Given the broad range of concentrations spanning multiple orders of magnitude, it is customary to represent them on a logarithmic scale. In certain instances, the plot may depict ratios of concentrations instead of their absolute values. Occasionally, the concentrations of H+ and OH− ions are also included in the plot.

[[File:Bjerrum_plot.png|thumb|center|850px|Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.]]

Suppose that the reactions between carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, bicarbonate and carbonate ions, all dissolved in water, are as follows:

[[File:Co2_formula.png]]

An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water leads to a decrease in the proportion of carbon dioxide that reacts with water to form carbonic acid. But due to the general increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in water, the pH of such water will decrease to a value of 4.0. Below this value, carbon dioxide is practically insoluble in water.

Consider an example in which water containing carbon dioxide also contains sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). In this case, calculation of the pH value is possible using equation.

The water contains the following concentrations of carbon dioxide and sodium bicarbonate:

[[File:PH_formula.png|350px|]]

Here it is necessary to clarify how the record form for the request was obtained. The dissociation constant or equilibrium constant of the equation for the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water at the first stage is equal to K1 = 4.45 * 10-7. The equilibrium (dissociation) constant of a given medical regimen can be written as:

[[File:Dissociation_constant.png|550px|]]

=Variables=
The model setup:
• '''Units for Time''' = Year

• '''INITIAL TIME''' = 0

• '''FINAL TIME''' = 250

• '''TIME STEP''' = 1

The model variables are set as follows:

• '''Dissociation constant''' = 6.352

• '''Bicarbonate''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*98''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean / 100 * 98

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration''' = Bicarbonate*0.001/Molar mass HCO3

• '''Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l''' = Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration*1000

• '''Carbon dioxide''' = Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean/100*2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration''' = Carbon dioxide*0.001/Molar mass CO2

• '''Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l''' = Carbon dioxide concentration*1000

• '''pH value''' = Dissociation constant+LOG("Bicarbonate HCO3 concentration in mol/l"/"Carbon dioxide concentration in mol/l", 10)

• '''Molar mass HCO3''' = 61

• '''Molar mass CO2''' = 44

• '''Dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean''' = Atmosphere/100*30

• '''Atmosphere''' = INTEG (CO2 emissions+CO2 release+decomposition+respiration-CO2 absorption-photosynthesis,898.86)

• '''ocean mixing''' = 100*(Deep Ocean/38100)

• '''Ocean surface''' = INTEG (
CO2 absorption+ocean mixing-remains-CO2 release,
1020)

• '''Deep Ocean''' = INTEG (
remains-ocean mixing,
38100)

• '''photosynthesis''' = 121.8*(Atmosphere/750)

• '''Forest''' = INTEG (
photosynthesis-death-respiration,
610)

• '''death''' = 60 * (Forest/610)

• '''CO2 emissions''' = 5.5

• '''Fuel''' = INTEG (
-CO2 emissions,
10000)

• '''remains''' = 91.6 * (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''CO2 absorption''' = 92 * (Atmosphere/750)

• '''CO2 release''' = 90* (Ocean surface/1020)

• '''decomposition''' = 60 * (Soils/1580)

• '''respiration''' = 61.6 * (Forest/610)

• '''Soils''' = INTEG (
death-decomposition,
1580)

=Model=
The diagram of carbon dioxide shows exchange in the atmosphere and its impact on ocean water acidity in the context of climate change. The diagram begins by indicating the primary sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, including industrial processes, fuel combustion. The diagram illustrates how carbon dioxide is partially absorbed by the ocean. Remains and carbon dioxide sink into the depths of the ocean. Additionally, the model allows for the measurement of water pH depending on the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

[[File:Carbon_dioxide_Stock_and_flow_diagram.png|thumb|center|850px||Stock and flow diagram]]

=Results=
=Conclusion=
=Sources=
#Sterman, J. (2000). Business dynamics : systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Boston, Ma.: Irwin/McGraw-Hill
#PRUYT, Erik. Small System Dynamics Models for Big Issues: Triple Jump towards Real-World Complexity [online]. Version 1.0. TU Delft Library, Delft, The Netherlands, 2013 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:10980974-69c3-4357-962f-d923160ab638/datastream/OBJ/link.pdf
#The Ocean Carbon Cycle. Harvard Magazine [online]. 2002, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2002/11/the-ocean-carbon-cycle-html
#Kopp, Otto C.. "fossil fuel". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Jan. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/science/fossil-fuel. Accessed 21 January 2024.
# Pang, S., Deng, C., & Chen, S. (2022). System dynamics models of online lending platform based on vensim simulation technology and analysis of interest rate evolution trend. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience : CIN, 2022doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9776138
# Q. Yang and M. Li, "Information System Computer Dynamics Simulation of the Water Traffic Emergency Rescue by Vensim Software," 2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Civil Aviation Safety and Information Technology (ICCASIT), Changsha, China, 2021, pp. 614-620, doi: 10.1109/ICCASIT53235.2021.9633389.
# Watson, A.J., Schuster, U., Shutler, J.D. et al. Revised estimates of ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux are consistent with ocean carbon inventory. Nat Commun 11, 4422 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18203-3
# Rogge, A., Janout, M., Loginova, N. et al. Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water. Nat. Geosci. 16, 82–88 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01069-z
# Fogwill, C.J., Turney, C.S.M., Menviel, L. et al. Southern Ocean carbon sink enhanced by sea-ice feedbacks at the Antarctic Cold Reversal. Nat. Geosci. 13, 489–497 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0587-0
#YOUSSEF, AbdAllah, Qi SHAO a S. MATTHÄI. Simplified Numeric Simulation Approach for CO2,g-Water Flow and Trapping at Near-Surface Conditions. Peter Cook Centre for CCS Research & Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. 2023, 2022, 15.
#RAVEN, J. A. a P. G. FALKOWSKI. Oceanic sinks for atmospheric CO 2. Plant, Cell & Environment [online]. 1999, 22(6), 741-755 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 0140-7791. Dostupné z: doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00419.x
#SHAHEEN NAJAM, Uzma. Modeling of Carbon dioxide Emission and Control Through Forestation. Nanjing Forestry University, 2016. Disertace. Nanjing Forestry University.
#CHU, Bing, Stephen DUNCAN, Antonis PAPACHRISTODOULOU a Cameron HEPBURN. Analysis and control design of sustainable policies for greenhouse gas emissions. Applied Thermal Engineering [online]. 2013, 53(2), 420-431 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISSN 13594311. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.04.022
#SHAFFER, Don a Kevin WALLACE. Carbon Cycle A CORE LEARNING GOALS ACTIVITY FOR SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS [online]. Maryland Virtual High School, 2000 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Http://204.85.28.57/mvhsproj/carbon/carbontea.pdf. Maryland Virtual High School.
#MEYERS, Robert A., ed. Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science [online]. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009 [cit. 2024-01-21]. ISBN 978-0-387-75888-6. Dostupné z: doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3
#AKHTAR, M., S. SIMONOVIC, J. WIBE, J. MACGEE a J. DAVIES. An Integrated System Dynamics Model for Analyzing Behaviour of the Social-Energy-Economic-Climatic System: User’s Manual [online]. 1. THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, August 2011 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=wrrr
#CARBON DIOXIDE, DISSOLVED (OCEAN). Hawai, 2007. Článek. University of Hawai at Manoa.
#Understanding the Ocean Acidification Equation and Its Biological Impact. Sensorex [online]. 2020, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://sensorex.com/understanding-the-ocean-acidification-equation-and-its-biological-impact/
#Oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump. Tiny marine animals are key to working out its climate impacts. SHADWICK, ELIZABETH, TYLER ROHR a ANTHONY RICHARDSON. CSIRO [online]. 2023 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.csiro.au/en/news/all/articles/2023/june/oceans-absorb-emissions
#CO2 removal from atmosphere is crucial for climate protection. Geomar [online]. 2023, 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.geomar.de/en/news/article/co2-removal-from-atmosphere-is-crucial-for-climate-protection
#National Centers for Environmental Information [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/
#How the oceans store CO2 is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle. PMEL [online]. 1 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Carbon+Storage
#Carbon Dioxide. Climate Nasa [online]. 2024 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/
#BERNER, Robert, Antonio LASAGA a Robert GARRELS. The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 100 million years. American Journal of Science [online]. 1983, 43 [cit. 2024-01-21]. Dostupné z: https://web.colby.edu/ch217public/files/2016/02/Berner-Lasaga-and-Garrels-1983.pdf
#JUAN, Martn. System Dynamics Modelling with Vensim. Edition 2021. Independently Published, 2021. ISBN 9781718077027.
#

=Code=

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

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Tata05: /* Sources */

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

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Tata05: /* Method */

File:Dissociation constant.png

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Tata05:

File:PH formula.png

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Tata05:

File:Co2 formula.png

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Tata05:

File:Bjerrum plot.png

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Tata05:

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

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Tata05: /* Variables */

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

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Tata05:

File:Atmospheric CO2 2.jpg

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Tata05:

File:Atmospheric CO2.jpg

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Tata05:

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

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Tata05: /* Model */

'''Name:''' Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake<br>
'''Author:''' ~~ <br>
'''Method:''' System dynamic<br>
'''Tool:''' Vensim<br><br>
=Introduction and Problem definition=
=Method=
=Variables=
=Model=
The diagram of carbon dioxide shows exchange in the atmosphere and its impact on ocean water acidity in the context of climate change. The diagram begins by indicating the primary sources of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, including industrial processes, fuel combustion. The diagram illustrates how carbon dioxide is partially absorbed by the ocean. Remains and carbon dioxide sink into the depths of the ocean. Additionally, the model allows for the measurement of water pH depending on the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.
[[File:Carbon_dioxide_Stock_and_flow_diagram.png|thumb|center|850px||Picture 1: Diagram Stock and flow diagram]]

=Results=
=Conclusion=
=Sources=
=Code=

File:Carbon dioxide Stock and flow diagram.png

2024-01-20T21:44:06Z

Tata05: Tata05 uploaded a new version of File:Carbon dioxide Stock and flow diagram.png

File:Carbon dioxide Stock and flow diagram.png

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Tata05:

WS 2023/2024

2024-01-20T19:01:08Z

Tata05:

Semestral papers from winter term 2023/2024. Please, put here links to the pages with your paper. First you need to have your [[Assignments WS 2023/2024|assignment approved]]<br>

*Simulation of pandemic spread: [[Simulation of pandemic spread]], Daniel Kopecký, [[User:Kopd05|Kopd05]] ([[User talk:Kopd05|talk]]) 22:32, 16 January 2024 (CET)
*Aquatic ecosystem simulation: [[Aquatic ecosystem simulation]], Daria Tutynina, [[User:DariaTut|DariaTut]] ([[User talk:DariaTut|talk]]) 17:17, 19 January 2024 (CET)
*Space Junk: [[Space Junk]], Adam Valtr, [[User:Adamvaltr|vala18(AdamValtr)]] ([[User talk:Adamvaltr|talk]]) 14:16, 20 January 2024 (CET)
*Simulation of product distribution: [[Simulation of product distribution]], Lucia Pavlíková, [[User:LuciaPavlikova|pavl08(LuciaPavlikova)]] ([[User talk:pavl08|talk]]) 17:59, 20 January 2024 (CET)
*Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: [[Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake]], [[User:Tata05|Tata05]] ([[User talk:Tata05|talk]]) 20:00, 20 January 2024 (CET)

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

2024-01-14T14:39:12Z

Tata05:

Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake

2024-01-14T14:05:45Z

Tata05: Created page with "=Problem definition= =Method= =Detailed description of the method= =Results= =Conclusion= =Citations= =Code="

=Problem definition=
=Method=
=Detailed description of the method=
=Results=
=Conclusion=
=Citations=
=Code=

Assignments WS 2023/2024

2023-12-19T20:49:30Z

Tata05:

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, put here your assignments. Do not forget to sign them. You can use <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> (four tildas) for an automatic signature. Use Show preview in order to check the result before your final sumbition.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, strive to formulate your assignment carefully. We expect an adequate effort to formulate the assignment as it is your semestral paper. Do not forget that your main goal is a research paper. It means your simulation model must generate the results that are specific, measurable and verifiable. Think twice how you will develop your model, which entities you will use, draw a model diagram, consider what you will measure. No sooner than when you have a good idea about the model, submit your assignment. And of course, read [[How to deal with the simulation assignment|How to deal with the simulation assignment]].
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Topics on gambling, cards, etc. are not welcome.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| type = content
| text = <div>
In order to avoid possible confusion, please, check if you have added '''approved''' in bold somewhere in our comment under your submission. If there is no '''approved''', it means the assignment was not approved yet.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
'''Criteria for evaluation of the simulation proposal'''

The proposal must contain:
*What you will simulate
*The goal of the simulation (what you analyze - i.e. not "to simulate balloon factory", but what problem should the simulation solve).
*Who would actually use such simulation (example of such user) and how would it help him
*What method and simulation environment you plan to use. Choose only from the development environments that we have used in the course.
*What variables will be incorporated
*What variables will be random
*What exact data you will base values of your variables on
*(In case of Monte Carlo) What exact data you will base your determination of probability distribution of your random variables on
*What exact data you will base your formulas in the simulation (simulation behavior) on

'''If any of the above points are missing from the simulation proposal, the proposal is considered incomplete. Unless the proposal contains all of the above points it will not be evaluated at all (and therefore cannot be approved).'''

# Is it clear from the proposed assignment how the simulation will work?
# Does the simulation make sense?
# Is the simulation model complex enough to simulate credibly the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the data used real and relevant for the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the simulation feasible? (in given time by the course)

'''If the answer to any of the above points is no, you need to improve your proposal. Don't wait for us to tell you so - you're wasting your time.'''

</div>
}}

== Kopd05 - Simulace šíření pandemie ==

*Cílem simulace bude zkoupání šíření různých virů, podle jejich koeficientu šíření, uzdravování či úmrtnosti.
*Simulaci mohou využívat epidemiologové, ke zkoumání šířitelnosti virů a predikci vývoje pandemie.
*Simulace bude vypracována pomoci NetLogo - Agent based modelu
*V simulaci budou následující proměnné:
**Rychlost šíření viru
**Šance na uzdravení jedince
**Riziko smrti
**Počet jedinců
**Počet nakažených
**% imunních jedinců (náhodná)
**Rychlost vakcinace
**jeImunní
**jeNakažený
**jeOčkovaný
**šanceNaUzdravení (náhodná)

* Data mohou být založena na reálných datech o virech, či mohou být nastaveny individuálně. <br>Například šiřitelnost virusu bude založena na reprodukčním čísle R (lze dohledat na internetu)

* Vše bude založeno na volně dostupných datech online, které souvisí s daným tématem, virem, apod.

[[User:Kopd05|Kopd05]] ([[User talk:Kopd05|talk]]) 21:02, 12 December 2023 (CET)

:'''This course is in English. We accept English versions only.''' [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] ([[User talk:Tomáš|talk]])

== Tutd00 - Aquatic ecosystem simulation ==

*The simulation is inspired by the classic "predator and prey" model. The goal is to model the behavior of fish, plants and predators in the generated aquatic environment.
*The simulation will be developed using the NetLogo - Agent based model
*The following variables will be in the simulation:
** The water temperature
** Pollution level
** Number of fish
** Number of sharks
** Number of plants
** Time of death of fish and shark (random)
** Fish and shark breeding time (random, but only after feeding)
** and also variables that depend on the basic ones: number of dead fish and sharks, number of plants eaten

* The user has the option to set the number of fish, plants, sharks, water temperature and pollution level when starting the simulation.
* This simulation allows the user to investigate how different parameter configurations affect ecosystem stability and dynamics and could be modified and used to model real aquatic systems.
* The rules: Cold water temperatures accelerate the rate of reproduction of predators, while warm water speeds up the rate of reproduction of fish.High water pollution slows down the reproduction of fish and sharks, but speeds up the growth of plants. The user can change settings during the simulation.
* The data used in the simulation is based on real sources dedicated to the topic of aquatic systems (example: https://www.nalms.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/31-2-5.pdf), but will be implemented in a simplified form.

[[User:DariaTut|DariaTut]] ([[User talk:DariaTut|talk]]) 10:47, 18 December 2023 (CET)

:'''This course is in English. We accept English versions only.''' [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] ([[User talk:Tomáš|talk]]) 19:58, 19 December 2023 (CET)
:'''Edited''' [[User:DariaTut|DariaTut]] ([[User talk:DariaTut|talk]]) 20:27, 19 December 2023 (CET)

== Kubs09 - Simulation of Passenger Behavior at the Main Train Station ==

*Topic: Passenger behavior when boarding trains at the entire Main Train Station
*Utilization: This could be utilized, for instance, by Czech Railways/main station administrators to better adjust trains and their arrival positions.
*Method: Agent-based modelling, Netlogo
*Variables:
**Number of passengers
**Number of trains
**Passengers positions
**Timetable (train departures/arrivals)
**Delays (random)
**isCollision
**isDelay(random)

* Sources: For this simulation, predominantly sources from Google Scholar would be used, or scientific articles found in the E-library of VSE.

[[User:Kubs09|Kubs09]] ([[User talk:Kubs09|talk]]) 20:35, 19 December 2023 (CET)

:'''This course is in English. We accept English versions only.''' [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] ([[User talk:Tomáš|talk]]) 19:58, 19 December 2023 (CET)
:'''Edited.'''

== Vysj06 - Simulation of Agricultural Production and Climate Change ==

*Objective of the simulation: To model the impact of climate change on agricultural production, including soil fertility, crop yields, and irrigation.
*Usage: To provide farmers, scientists, and policymakers with tools for better planning and adaptation to climate changes.
*Method: Agent-based modeling, using NetLogo.
*Variables:
**Types of crops (grains, vegetables, fruits).
**Soil conditions and their changes.
**Amount and distribution of precipitation.
**Temperature changes.
**Irrigation methods and their efficiency.

*Data: Based on real climate and agricultural data, including historical trends and forecasts. Option to configure parameters.
*Output: The simulation will provide users with the ability to visualize and understand the impact of various climate scenarios on agricultural production and possible adaptation strategies.

[[User:Vysj06|Vysj06]] ([[User talk:Vysj06|talk]]) 21:25, 19 December 2023 (CET)

:'''This course is in English. We accept English versions only.''' [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] ([[User talk:Tomáš|talk]]) 19:59, 19 December 2023 (CET)
'''Edited'''

== Doba00 - Pricing in the Food Industry ==

<div>
*Simulation: The simulation will model the dynamics of food prices in the food industry, focusing on the interactions between different factors influencing it.
** Can be used by policymakers in the food industry to better evaluate policy proposals.
**Incorporated variables: production costs, inflation rates, consumer demand, policy interventions
**Random variables: weather

*Goal: The goal of the simulation is to analyze the factors influencing food prices and to evaluate the stability and resilience of the food industry's pricing system under different scenarios.

*Method: Vensim

*Data: https://www.czso.cz/

*Author: [[User:Doba00|Doba00]] ([[User talk:Doba00|talk]]) 16:25, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>
::Please provide us with the reference to particular data, you wil base your simulation on. How exactly will your simulation work? How will you simulate the dynamics of food prices in the food industry? From what data you will derive the formulas neccesary for it? [[User:Oleg.Svatos|Oleg.Svatos]] ([[User talk:Oleg.Svatos|talk]]) 17:17, 19 December 2023 (CET)

== Tata05 - Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ==

<div>
*Problem definition: I want to simulate the process of the Life cycle of processing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and increasing the stored carbon dioxide on the ocean floor. This process influences ocean acidification and affects the entire climate. The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere wherever air meets water. Regarding scientists oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump.
*Method: Agent-based simulation, NetLogo.
*Variabels:
**Solar Energy
**Atmospheric CO2
**Changes in temperature
**Change in water acidity
**CO2 dissolving
**Carbon capture and storage
*Resource: Information from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Nasa Global Climate, https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/zeebe_files/Publications/ZeebeWolfEnclp07.pdf

[[User:Tata05| Tata05]] ([[User talk:Tata05|talk]]) 16:46, 19 December 2023 (CET)
::Please provide us with the reference to literature with formulas you will base your simulation on. Without it, it is impossible to evaluate wheather the simulation will make sense. [[User:Oleg.Svatos|Oleg.Svatos]] ([[User talk:Oleg.Svatos|talk]]) 17:13, 19 December 2023 (CET)

::Reference: https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/zeebe_files/Publications/ZeebeWolfEnclp07.pdf
:'''Edited''' [[User:Tata05|Tata05]] ([[User talk:Tata05|Tata05]]) 21:49, 19 December 2023 (CET)

==akee00== Urban Traffic flow and Pollution Control ==

<div>
*Primary objective: To analyze the impact of different traffic management strategies on urban traffic flow and air pollution levels.
*Problem to solve: Determining the most effective traffic management strategy that minimizes traffic congestion and reduces air pollution in an urban environment.
*Context: With growing urban populations, traffic congestion and pollution have become critical issues. This simulation aims to explore how various traffic control measures can alleviate these problems.
*Method and Simulation Environment:
**Agent based Modelling
**Simulation Tool: Netlogo.
*Environment Setup: A simulated urban area with a grid of streets, traffic signals, vehicles, and pollution indicators.
*Variables and Data:
*Random variables:
**Vehicle breakdowns,
**Driver behaviour: route choice and speed variability
**Traffic incidents
**Weather conditions
**Vehicle emission rates.
*Incorporated (deterministic) variables:
**Vehicle agents: count, types
**Traffic signal agents: signal timing, adaptive signals
**Pollution measurement: Baseline emission levels, Air quality index
**Traffic Management Strategies
**Road layout.
*Data source:
**Traffic and transportation data for Prague from praha.eu
*Expected outcome: The simulation should reveal the most effective traffic management strategies for reducing congestion and pollution. By comparing these results with real-world data, urban planners can make informed decisions to improve traffic flow and air quality in cities.

: This is generally a good topic, however the scope you suggest is really large and you would be hardly able to deliver results. Limit the model reasonably, e.g. choose just a limited area or limit the model different way. [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] ([[User talk:Tomáš|talk]]) 20:04, 19 December 2023 (CET)

Assignments WS 2023/2024

2023-12-19T19:03:28Z

Tata05: /* Tata05 - Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide */

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, put here your assignments. Do not forget to sign them. You can use <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> (four tildas) for an automatic signature. Use Show preview in order to check the result before your final sumbition.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, strive to formulate your assignment carefully. We expect an adequate effort to formulate the assignment as it is your semestral paper. Do not forget that your main goal is a research paper. It means your simulation model must generate the results that are specific, measurable and verifiable. Think twice how you will develop your model, which entities you will use, draw a model diagram, consider what you will measure. No sooner than when you have a good idea about the model, submit your assignment. And of course, read [[How to deal with the simulation assignment|How to deal with the simulation assignment]].
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Topics on gambling, cards, etc. are not welcome.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| type = content
| text = <div>
In order to avoid possible confusion, please, check if you have added '''approved''' in bold somewhere in our comment under your submission. If there is no '''approved''', it means the assignment was not approved yet.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
'''Criteria for evaluation of the simulation proposal'''

The proposal must contain:
*What you will simulate
*The goal of the simulation (what you analyze - i.e. not "to simulate balloon factory", but what problem should the simulation solve).
*Who would actually use such simulation (example of such user) and how would it help him
*What method and simulation environment you plan to use. Choose only from the development environments that we have used in the course.
*What variables will be incorporated
*What variables will be random
*What exact data you will base values of your variables on
*(In case of Monte Carlo) What exact data you will base your determination of probability distribution of your random variables on
*What exact data you will base your formulas in the simulation (simulation behavior) on

'''If any of the above points are missing from the simulation proposal, the proposal is considered incomplete. Unless the proposal contains all of the above points it will not be evaluated at all (and therefore cannot be approved).'''

# Is it clear from the proposed assignment how the simulation will work?
# Does the simulation make sense?
# Is the simulation model complex enough to simulate credibly the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the data used real and relevant for the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the simulation feasible? (in given time by the course)

'''If the answer to any of the above points is no, you need to improve your proposal. Don't wait for us to tell you so - you're wasting your time.'''

</div>
}}

== Kopd05 - Simulace šíření pandemie ==

*Cílem simulace bude zkoupání šíření různých virů, podle jejich koeficientu šíření, uzdravování či úmrtnosti.
*Simulaci mohou využívat epidemiologové, ke zkoumání šířitelnosti virů a predikci vývoje pandemie.
*Simulace bude vypracována pomoci NetLogo - Agent based modelu
*V simulaci budou následující proměnné:
**Rychlost šíření viru
**Šance na uzdravení jedince
**Riziko smrti
**Počet jedinců
**Počet nakažených
**% imunních jedinců (náhodná)
**Rychlost vakcinace
**jeImunní
**jeNakažený
**jeOčkovaný
**šanceNaUzdravení (náhodná)

* Data mohou být založena na reálných datech o virech, či mohou být nastaveny individuálně. <br>Například šiřitelnost virusu bude založena na reprodukčním čísle R (lze dohledat na internetu)

* Vše bude založeno na volně dostupných datech online, které souvisí s daným tématem, virem, apod.

[[User:Kopd05|Kopd05]] ([[User talk:Kopd05|talk]]) 21:02, 12 December 2023 (CET)

'''This course is in English. We accept English versions only.''' [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] ([[User talk:Tomáš|talk]])

== Tutd00 - Simulace vodního ekosystému ==

*Simulace je inspirována klasickým modelem "predátor a kořist". Cílem je modelovat chování ryb, rostlin a predátorů v generovaném vodním prostředí.
*Simulace bude vypracována pomoci NetLogo - Agent based modelu
*V simulaci budou následující proměnné:
** Teplota vody
** Úroveň znečištění
** Počet ryb
** Počet žraloků
** Počet rostlin
** a také proměnné, které se odvíjí od základních: počet mrtvých ryb a žraloků, počet sežraných rostlin

* Pravidla:
** Ryby konzumují rostliny. Pokud ryba nesní žádnou rostlinu, ztrácí na síle a nakonec zemře.
** Žraloci loví ryby. Pokud žralok neuloví žádnou rybu, zemře.
** Ryby, rostliny a zraloci mají možnost rozmnožovat se a umírat s průběhem času.
** Teplejší voda podporuje rychlejší rozmnožování ryb.
** Studenější voda podporuje rychlejší rozmnožování žraloků.
** Vyšší úroveň znečištění zpomaluje proces rozmnožování ryb a žraloků, ale naopak urychluje rozmnožování rostlin.

* Uživatel má možnost nastavit počet ryb, rostlin, žraloků, teplotu vody a úroveň znečištění při spuštění simulace.
* Tato simualce umožňuje uživateli zkoumat, jak různé konfigurace parametrů ovlivňují stabilitu a dynamiku ekosystému a mohla by být modifikována a použita k modelování reálných vodních systémů.

[[User:DariaTut|DariaTut]] ([[User talk:DariaTut|talk]]) 10:47, 18 December 2023 (CET)

'''This course is in English. We accept English versions only.''' [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] ([[User talk:Tomáš|talk]]) 19:58, 19 December 2023 (CET)

== Kubs09 - Simulace chování cestujících na Hlavním nádraží ==

*Téma: Chování cestujících při nastupování na vlaky na celém Hlavním nádraží
*Využití: Mohli by využít například České dráhy/správci hlavního nádraží k lepšímu korigování vlaků a jejich polohy příjezdů.
*Metoda: Agent-based modelling, Netlogo
*Proměnné:
**Počet cestujících
**Počet vlaků
**Jízdní řád (odjezdy/příjezdy vlaků)
**Zpoždění (náhodné)
**jeKolize
**jeZpoždění

* Zdroje: Pro tuto simulaci by byly využity zdroje, převážně na Google Scholar, případně vědecké články nalezené v E- knihovně VŠE

[[User:Kubs09|Kubs09]] ([[User talk:Kubs09|talk]]) 09:02, 19 December 2023 (CET)

'''This course is in English. We accept English versions only.''' [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] ([[User talk:Tomáš|talk]]) 19:58, 19 December 2023 (CET)

== Vysj06 - Simulace zemědělské výroby a klimatických změn ==

*Cíl simulace: Modelovat dopad klimatických změn na zemědělskou výrobu, včetně úrodnosti půdy, výnosů plodin a zavlažování
*Využití: Poskytnout zemědělcům, vědcům a politikům nástroje pro lepší plánování a adaptaci na klimatické změny.
*Metoda: Agent-based modelování, využití NetLogo.
*Proměnné:
**Typy plodin (obilí, zelenina, ovoce).
**Půdní podmínky a jejich změny.
**Množství a rozložení srážek.
**Teplotní změny.
**Zavlažovací metody a jejich efektivita.

*Data: Založeno na reálných klimatických a zemědělských datech, včetně historických trendů a předpovědí. Možnost konfigurace parametrů.
*Výstup: Simulace poskytne uživatelům možnost vizualizace a porozumění vlivu různých klimatických scénářů na zemědělskou produkci a možné adaptační strategie.

[[User:Vysj06|Vysj06]] ([[User talk:Vysj06|talk]]) 14:58, 19 December 2023 (CET)

'''This course is in English. We accept English versions only.''' [[User:Tomáš|Tomáš]] ([[User talk:Tomáš|talk]]) 19:59, 19 December 2023 (CET)

== Doba00 - Pricing in the Food Industry ==

<div>
*Simulation: The simulation will model the dynamics of food prices in the food industry, focusing on the interactions between different factors influencing it.
** Can be used by policymakers in the food industry to better evaluate policy proposals.
**Incorporated variables: production costs, inflation rates, consumer demand, policy interventions
**Random variables: weather

*Goal: The goal of the simulation is to analyze the factors influencing food prices and to evaluate the stability and resilience of the food industry's pricing system under different scenarios.

*Method: Vensim

*Data: https://www.czso.cz/

*Author: [[User:Doba00|Doba00]] ([[User talk:Doba00|talk]]) 16:25, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>
::Please provide us with the reference to particular data, you wil base your simulation on. How exactly will your simulation work? How will you simulate the dynamics of food prices in the food industry? From what data you will derive the formulas neccesary for it? [[User:Oleg.Svatos|Oleg.Svatos]] ([[User talk:Oleg.Svatos|talk]]) 17:17, 19 December 2023 (CET)

== Tata05 - Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ==

<div>
*Problem definition: I want to simulate the process of the Life cycle of processing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and increasing the stored carbon dioxide on the ocean floor. This process influences ocean acidification and affects the entire climate. The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere wherever air meets water. Regarding scientists oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump.
*Method: Agent-based simulation, NetLogo.
*Variabels:
**Solar Energy
**Atmospheric CO2
**Changes in temperature
**Change in water acidity
**CO2 dissolving
**Carbon capture and storage
*Resource: Information from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Nasa Global Climate, https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/zeebe_files/Publications/ZeebeWolfEnclp07.pdf

[[User:Tata05| Tata05]] ([[User talk:Tata05|talk]]) 16:46, 19 December 2023 (CET)
::Please provide us with the reference to literature with formulas you will base your simulation on. Without it, it is impossible to evaluate wheather the simulation will make sense. [[User:Oleg.Svatos|Oleg.Svatos]] ([[User talk:Oleg.Svatos|talk]]) 17:13, 19 December 2023 (CET)

::Reference: https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/zeebe_files/Publications/ZeebeWolfEnclp07.pdf

==akee00== Urban Traffic flow and Pollution Control ==

<div>
*Primary objective: To analyze the impact of different traffic management strategies on urban traffic flow and air pollution levels.
*Problem to solve: Determining the most effective traffic management strategy that minimizes traffic congestion and reduces air pollution in an urban environment.
*Context: With growing urban populations, traffic congestion and pollution have become critical issues. This simulation aims to explore how various traffic control measures can alleviate these problems.
*Method and Simulation Environment:
**Agent based Modelling
**Simulation Tool: Netlogo.
*Environment Setup: A simulated urban area with a grid of streets, traffic signals, vehicles, and pollution indicators.
*Variables and Data:
*Random variables:
**Vehicle breakdowns,
**Driver behaviour: route choice and speed variability
**Traffic incidents
**Weather conditions
**Vehicle emission rates.
*Incorporated (deterministic) variables:
**Vehicle agents: count, types
**Traffic signal agents: signal timing, adaptive signals
**Pollution measurement: Baseline emission levels, Air quality index
**Traffic Management Strategies
**Road layout.
*Data source:
**Traffic and transportation data for Prague from praha.eu
*Expected outcome: The simulation should reveal the most effective traffic management strategies for reducing congestion and pollution. By comparing these results with real-world data, urban planners can make informed decisions to improve traffic flow and air quality in cities.

Assignments WS 2023/2024

2023-12-19T17:00:01Z

Tata05: /* Tata05 - Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide */

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, put here your assignments. Do not forget to sign them. You can use <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> (four tildas) for an automatic signature. Use Show preview in order to check the result before your final sumbition.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, strive to formulate your assignment carefully. We expect an adequate effort to formulate the assignment as it is your semestral paper. Do not forget that your main goal is a research paper. It means your simulation model must generate the results that are specific, measurable and verifiable. Think twice how you will develop your model, which entities you will use, draw a model diagram, consider what you will measure. No sooner than when you have a good idea about the model, submit your assignment. And of course, read [[How to deal with the simulation assignment|How to deal with the simulation assignment]].
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Topics on gambling, cards, etc. are not welcome.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| type = content
| text = <div>
In order to avoid possible confusion, please, check if you have added '''approved''' in bold somewhere in our comment under your submission. If there is no '''approved''', it means the assignment was not approved yet.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
'''Criteria for evaluation of the simulation proposal'''

The proposal must contain:
*What you will simulate
*The goal of the simulation (what you analyze - i.e. not "to simulate balloon factory", but what problem should the simulation solve).
*Who would actually use such simulation (example of such user) and how would it help him
*What method and simulation environment you plan to use. Choose only from the development environments that we have used in the course.
*What variables will be incorporated
*What variables will be random
*What exact data you will base values of your variables on
*(In case of Monte Carlo) What exact data you will base your determination of probability distribution of your random variables on
*What exact data you will base your formulas in the simulation (simulation behavior) on

'''If any of the above points are missing from the simulation proposal, the proposal is considered incomplete. Unless the proposal contains all of the above points it will not be evaluated at all (and therefore cannot be approved).'''

# Is it clear from the proposed assignment how the simulation will work?
# Does the simulation make sense?
# Is the simulation model complex enough to simulate credibly the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the data used real and relevant for the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the simulation feasible? (in given time by the course)

'''If the answer to any of the above points is no, you need to improve your proposal. Don't wait for us to tell you so - you're wasting your time.'''

</div>
}}

== Kopd05 - Simulace šíření pandemie ==

<div>
*Cílem simulace bude zkoupání šíření různých virů, podle jejich koeficientu šíření, uzdravování či úmrtnosti.
*Simulaci mohou využívat epidemiologové, ke zkoumání šířitelnosti virů a predikci vývoje pandemie.
*Simulace bude vypracována pomoci NetLogo - Agent based modelu
*V simulaci budou následující proměnné:
**Rychlost šíření viru
**Šance na uzdravení jedince
**Riziko smrti
**Počet jedinců
**Počet nakažených
**% imunních jedinců (náhodná)
**Rychlost vakcinace
**jeImunní
**jeNakažený
**jeOčkovaný
**šanceNaUzdravení (náhodná)

* Data mohou být založena na reálných datech o virech, či mohou být nastaveny individuálně. <br>Například šiřitelnost virusu bude založena na reprodukčním čísle R (lze dohledat na internetu)

* Vše bude založeno na volně dostupných datech online, které souvisí s daným tématem, virem, apod.

[[User:Kopd05|Kopd05]] ([[User talk:Kopd05|talk]]) 21:02, 12 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Tutd00 - Simulace vodního ekosystému ==

<div>
*Simulace je inspirována klasickým modelem "predátor a kořist". Cílem je modelovat chování ryb, rostlin a predátorů v generovaném vodním prostředí.
*Simulace bude vypracována pomoci NetLogo - Agent based modelu
*V simulaci budou následující proměnné:
** Teplota vody
** Úroveň znečištění
** Počet ryb
** Počet žraloků
** Počet rostlin
** a také proměnné, které se odvíjí od základních: počet mrtvých ryb a žraloků, počet sežraných rostlin

* Pravidla:
** Ryby konzumují rostliny. Pokud ryba nesní žádnou rostlinu, ztrácí na síle a nakonec zemře.
** Žraloci loví ryby. Pokud žralok neuloví žádnou rybu, zemře.
** Ryby, rostliny a zraloci mají možnost rozmnožovat se a umírat s průběhem času.
** Teplejší voda podporuje rychlejší rozmnožování ryb.
** Studenější voda podporuje rychlejší rozmnožování žraloků.
** Vyšší úroveň znečištění zpomaluje proces rozmnožování ryb a žraloků, ale naopak urychluje rozmnožování rostlin.

* Uživatel má možnost nastavit počet ryb, rostlin, žraloků, teplotu vody a úroveň znečištění při spuštění simulace.
* Tato simualce umožňuje uživateli zkoumat, jak různé konfigurace parametrů ovlivňují stabilitu a dynamiku ekosystému a mohla by být modifikována a použita k modelování reálných vodních systémů.

[[User:DariaTut|DariaTut]] ([[User talk:DariaTut|talk]]) 10:47, 18 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Kubs09 - Simulace chování cestujících na Hlavním nádraží ==

<div>
*Téma: Chování cestujících při nastupování na vlaky na celém Hlavním nádraží
*Využití: Mohli by využít například České dráhy/správci hlavního nádraží k lepšímu korigování vlaků a jejich polohy příjezdů.
*Metoda: Agent-based modelling, Netlogo
*Proměnné:
**Počet cestujících
**Počet vlaků
**Jízdní řád (odjezdy/příjezdy vlaků)
**Zpoždění (náhodné)
**jeKolize
**jeZpoždění

* Zdroje: Pro tuto simulaci by byly využity zdroje, převážně na Google Scholar, případně vědecké články nalezené v E- knihovně VŠE

[[User:Kubs09|Kubs09]] ([[User talk:Kubs09|talk]]) 09:02, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Vysj06 - Simulace zemědělské výroby a klimatických změn ==

<div>
*Cíl simulace: Modelovat dopad klimatických změn na zemědělskou výrobu, včetně úrodnosti půdy, výnosů plodin a zavlažování
*Využití: Poskytnout zemědělcům, vědcům a politikům nástroje pro lepší plánování a adaptaci na klimatické změny.
*Metoda: Agent-based modelování, využití NetLogo.
*Proměnné:
**Typy plodin (obilí, zelenina, ovoce).
**Půdní podmínky a jejich změny.
**Množství a rozložení srážek.
**Teplotní změny.
**Zavlažovací metody a jejich efektivita.

*Data: Založeno na reálných klimatických a zemědělských datech, včetně historických trendů a předpovědí. Možnost konfigurace parametrů.
*Výstup: Simulace poskytne uživatelům možnost vizualizace a porozumění vlivu různých klimatických scénářů na zemědělskou produkci a možné adaptační strategie.

[[User:Vysj06|Vysj06]] ([[User talk:Vysj06|talk]]) 14:58, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Doba00 - Pricing in the Food Industry ==

<div>
*Simulation: The simulation will model the dynamics of food prices in the food industry, focusing on the interactions between different factors influencing it.
** Can be used by policymakers in the food industry to better evaluate policy proposals.
**Incorporated variables: production costs, inflation rates, consumer demand, policy interventions
**Random variables: weather

*Goal: The goal of the simulation is to analyze the factors influencing food prices and to evaluate the stability and resilience of the food industry's pricing system under different scenarios.

*Method: Vensim

*Data: https://www.czso.cz/

*Author: [[User:Doba00|Doba00]] ([[User talk:Doba00|talk]]) 16:25, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>
::Please provide us with the reference to particular data, you wil base your simulation on. How exactly will your simulation work? How will you simulate the dynamics of food prices in the food industry? From what data you will derive the formulas neccesary for it? [[User:Oleg.Svatos|Oleg.Svatos]] ([[User talk:Oleg.Svatos|talk]]) 17:17, 19 December 2023 (CET)

== Tata05 - Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ==

<div>
*Problem definition: I want to simulate the process of the Life cycle of processing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and increasing the stored carbon dioxide on the ocean floor. This process influences ocean acidification and affects the entire climate. The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere wherever air meets water. Regarding scientists oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump.
*Method: Agent-based simulation, Vensim.
*Variabels:
**Solar Energy
**Atmospheric CO2
**Changes in temperature
**Change in water acidity
**CO2 dissolving
**Carbon capture and storage
*Resource: Information from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Nasa Global Climate, https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/zeebe_files/Publications/ZeebeWolfEnclp07.pdf

[[User:Tata05| Tata05]] ([[User talk:Tata05|talk]]) 16:46, 19 December 2023 (CET)
::Please provide us with the reference to literature with formulas you will base your simulation on. Without it, it is impossible to evaluate wheather the simulation will make sense. [[User:Oleg.Svatos|Oleg.Svatos]] ([[User talk:Oleg.Svatos|talk]]) 17:13, 19 December 2023 (CET)

Assignments WS 2023/2024

2023-12-19T15:48:16Z

Tata05: /* Tata05 - Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide */

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, put here your assignments. Do not forget to sign them. You can use <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> (four tildas) for an automatic signature. Use Show preview in order to check the result before your final sumbition.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, strive to formulate your assignment carefully. We expect an adequate effort to formulate the assignment as it is your semestral paper. Do not forget that your main goal is a research paper. It means your simulation model must generate the results that are specific, measurable and verifiable. Think twice how you will develop your model, which entities you will use, draw a model diagram, consider what you will measure. No sooner than when you have a good idea about the model, submit your assignment. And of course, read [[How to deal with the simulation assignment|How to deal with the simulation assignment]].
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Topics on gambling, cards, etc. are not welcome.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| type = content
| text = <div>
In order to avoid possible confusion, please, check if you have added '''approved''' in bold somewhere in our comment under your submission. If there is no '''approved''', it means the assignment was not approved yet.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
'''Criteria for evaluation of the simulation proposal'''

The proposal must contain:
*What you will simulate
*The goal of the simulation (what you analyze - i.e. not "to simulate balloon factory", but what problem should the simulation solve).
*Who would actually use such simulation (example of such user) and how would it help him
*What method and simulation environment you plan to use. Choose only from the development environments that we have used in the course.
*What variables will be incorporated
*What variables will be random
*What exact data you will base values of your variables on
*(In case of Monte Carlo) What exact data you will base your determination of probability distribution of your random variables on
*What exact data you will base your formulas in the simulation (simulation behavior) on

'''If any of the above points are missing from the simulation proposal, the proposal is considered incomplete. Unless the proposal contains all of the above points it will not be evaluated at all (and therefore cannot be approved).'''

# Is it clear from the proposed assignment how the simulation will work?
# Does the simulation make sense?
# Is the simulation model complex enough to simulate credibly the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the data used real and relevant for the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the simulation feasible? (in given time by the course)

'''If the answer to any of the above points is no, you need to improve your proposal. Don't wait for us to tell you so - you're wasting your time.'''

</div>
}}

== Kopd05 - Simulace šíření pandemie ==

<div>
*Cílem simulace bude zkoupání šíření různých virů, podle jejich koeficientu šíření, uzdravování či úmrtnosti.
*Simulaci mohou využívat epidemiologové, ke zkoumání šířitelnosti virů a predikci vývoje pandemie.
*Simulace bude vypracována pomoci NetLogo - Agent based modelu
*V simulaci budou následující proměnné:
**Rychlost šíření viru
**Šance na uzdravení jedince
**Riziko smrti
**Počet jedinců
**Počet nakažených
**% imunních jedinců (náhodná)
**Rychlost vakcinace
**jeImunní
**jeNakažený
**jeOčkovaný
**šanceNaUzdravení (náhodná)

* Data mohou být založena na reálných datech o virech, či mohou být nastaveny individuálně. <br>Například šiřitelnost virusu bude založena na reprodukčním čísle R (lze dohledat na internetu)

* Vše bude založeno na volně dostupných datech online, které souvisí s daným tématem, virem, apod.

[[User:Kopd05|Kopd05]] ([[User talk:Kopd05|talk]]) 21:02, 12 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Tutd00 - Simulace vodního ekosystému ==

<div>
*Simulace je inspirována klasickým modelem "predátor a kořist". Cílem je modelovat chování ryb, rostlin a predátorů v generovaném vodním prostředí.
*Simulace bude vypracována pomoci NetLogo - Agent based modelu
*V simulaci budou následující proměnné:
** Teplota vody
** Úroveň znečištění
** Počet ryb
** Počet žraloků
** Počet rostlin
** a také proměnné, které se odvíjí od základních: počet mrtvých ryb a žraloků, počet sežraných rostlin

* Pravidla:
** Ryby konzumují rostliny. Pokud ryba nesní žádnou rostlinu, ztrácí na síle a nakonec zemře.
** Žraloci loví ryby. Pokud žralok neuloví žádnou rybu, zemře.
** Ryby, rostliny a zraloci mají možnost rozmnožovat se a umírat s průběhem času.
** Teplejší voda podporuje rychlejší rozmnožování ryb.
** Studenější voda podporuje rychlejší rozmnožování žraloků.
** Vyšší úroveň znečištění zpomaluje proces rozmnožování ryb a žraloků, ale naopak urychluje rozmnožování rostlin.

* Uživatel má možnost nastavit počet ryb, rostlin, žraloků, teplotu vody a úroveň znečištění při spuštění simulace.
* Tato simualce umožňuje uživateli zkoumat, jak různé konfigurace parametrů ovlivňují stabilitu a dynamiku ekosystému a mohla by být modifikována a použita k modelování reálných vodních systémů.

[[User:DariaTut|DariaTut]] ([[User talk:DariaTut|talk]]) 10:47, 18 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Kubs09 - Simulace chování cestujících na Hlavním nádraží ==

<div>
*Téma: Chování cestujících při nastupování na vlaky na celém Hlavním nádraží
*Využití: Mohli by využít například České dráhy/správci hlavního nádraží k lepšímu korigování vlaků a jejich polohy příjezdů.
*Metoda: Agent-based modelling, Netlogo
*Proměnné:
**Počet cestujících
**Počet vlaků
**Jízdní řád (odjezdy/příjezdy vlaků)
**Zpoždění (náhodné)
**jeKolize
**jeZpoždění

* Zdroje: Pro tuto simulaci by byly využity zdroje, převážně na Google Scholar, případně vědecké články nalezené v E- knihovně VŠE

[[User:Kubs09|Kubs09]] ([[User talk:Kubs09|talk]]) 09:02, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Vysj06 - Simulace zemědělské výroby a klimatických změn ==

<div>
*Cíl simulace: Modelovat dopad klimatických změn na zemědělskou výrobu, včetně úrodnosti půdy, výnosů plodin a zavlažování
*Využití: Poskytnout zemědělcům, vědcům a politikům nástroje pro lepší plánování a adaptaci na klimatické změny.
*Metoda: Agent-based modelování, využití NetLogo.
*Proměnné:
**Typy plodin (obilí, zelenina, ovoce).
**Půdní podmínky a jejich změny.
**Množství a rozložení srážek.
**Teplotní změny.
**Zavlažovací metody a jejich efektivita.

*Data: Založeno na reálných klimatických a zemědělských datech, včetně historických trendů a předpovědí. Možnost konfigurace parametrů.
*Výstup: Simulace poskytne uživatelům možnost vizualizace a porozumění vlivu různých klimatických scénářů na zemědělskou produkci a možné adaptační strategie.

[[User:Vysj06|Vysj06]] ([[User talk:Vysj06|talk]]) 14:58, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Doba00 - Pricing in the Food Industry ==

<div>
*Simulation: The simulation will model the dynamics of food prices in the food industry, focusing on the interactions between different factors influencing it.
** Can be used by policymakers in the food industry to better evaluate policy proposals.
**Incorporated variables: production costs, inflation rates, consumer demand, policy interventions
**Random variables: weather

*Goal: The goal of the simulation is to analyze the factors influencing food prices and to evaluate the stability and resilience of the food industry's pricing system under different scenarios.

*Method: Vensim

*Data: https://www.czso.cz/

*Author: [[User:Doba00|Doba00]] ([[User talk:Doba00|talk]]) 16:25, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Tata05 - Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ==

<div>
*Problem definition: I want to simulate the process of the Life cycle of processing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and increasing the stored carbon dioxide on the ocean floor. This process influences ocean acidification and affects the entire climate. The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere wherever air meets water. Regarding scientists oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump.
*Method: Agent-based simulation, Vensim.
*Variabels:
**Solar Energy
**Atmospheric CO2
**Changes in temperature
**Change in water acidity
**CO2 dissolving
**Carbon capture and storage
*Resource: Information from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Nasa Global Climate

[[User:Tata05| Tata05]] ([[User talk:Tata05|talk]]) 16:46, 19 December 2023 (CET)

Assignments WS 2023/2024

2023-12-19T15:47:07Z

Tata05:

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, put here your assignments. Do not forget to sign them. You can use <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> (four tildas) for an automatic signature. Use Show preview in order to check the result before your final sumbition.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, strive to formulate your assignment carefully. We expect an adequate effort to formulate the assignment as it is your semestral paper. Do not forget that your main goal is a research paper. It means your simulation model must generate the results that are specific, measurable and verifiable. Think twice how you will develop your model, which entities you will use, draw a model diagram, consider what you will measure. No sooner than when you have a good idea about the model, submit your assignment. And of course, read [[How to deal with the simulation assignment|How to deal with the simulation assignment]].
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Topics on gambling, cards, etc. are not welcome.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| type = content
| text = <div>
In order to avoid possible confusion, please, check if you have added '''approved''' in bold somewhere in our comment under your submission. If there is no '''approved''', it means the assignment was not approved yet.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
'''Criteria for evaluation of the simulation proposal'''

The proposal must contain:
*What you will simulate
*The goal of the simulation (what you analyze - i.e. not "to simulate balloon factory", but what problem should the simulation solve).
*Who would actually use such simulation (example of such user) and how would it help him
*What method and simulation environment you plan to use. Choose only from the development environments that we have used in the course.
*What variables will be incorporated
*What variables will be random
*What exact data you will base values of your variables on
*(In case of Monte Carlo) What exact data you will base your determination of probability distribution of your random variables on
*What exact data you will base your formulas in the simulation (simulation behavior) on

'''If any of the above points are missing from the simulation proposal, the proposal is considered incomplete. Unless the proposal contains all of the above points it will not be evaluated at all (and therefore cannot be approved).'''

# Is it clear from the proposed assignment how the simulation will work?
# Does the simulation make sense?
# Is the simulation model complex enough to simulate credibly the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the data used real and relevant for the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the simulation feasible? (in given time by the course)

'''If the answer to any of the above points is no, you need to improve your proposal. Don't wait for us to tell you so - you're wasting your time.'''

</div>
}}

== Kopd05 - Simulace šíření pandemie ==

<div>
*Cílem simulace bude zkoupání šíření různých virů, podle jejich koeficientu šíření, uzdravování či úmrtnosti.
*Simulaci mohou využívat epidemiologové, ke zkoumání šířitelnosti virů a predikci vývoje pandemie.
*Simulace bude vypracována pomoci NetLogo - Agent based modelu
*V simulaci budou následující proměnné:
**Rychlost šíření viru
**Šance na uzdravení jedince
**Riziko smrti
**Počet jedinců
**Počet nakažených
**% imunních jedinců (náhodná)
**Rychlost vakcinace
**jeImunní
**jeNakažený
**jeOčkovaný
**šanceNaUzdravení (náhodná)

* Data mohou být založena na reálných datech o virech, či mohou být nastaveny individuálně. <br>Například šiřitelnost virusu bude založena na reprodukčním čísle R (lze dohledat na internetu)

* Vše bude založeno na volně dostupných datech online, které souvisí s daným tématem, virem, apod.

[[User:Kopd05|Kopd05]] ([[User talk:Kopd05|talk]]) 21:02, 12 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Tutd00 - Simulace vodního ekosystému ==

<div>
*Simulace je inspirována klasickým modelem "predátor a kořist". Cílem je modelovat chování ryb, rostlin a predátorů v generovaném vodním prostředí.
*Simulace bude vypracována pomoci NetLogo - Agent based modelu
*V simulaci budou následující proměnné:
** Teplota vody
** Úroveň znečištění
** Počet ryb
** Počet žraloků
** Počet rostlin
** a také proměnné, které se odvíjí od základních: počet mrtvých ryb a žraloků, počet sežraných rostlin

* Pravidla:
** Ryby konzumují rostliny. Pokud ryba nesní žádnou rostlinu, ztrácí na síle a nakonec zemře.
** Žraloci loví ryby. Pokud žralok neuloví žádnou rybu, zemře.
** Ryby, rostliny a zraloci mají možnost rozmnožovat se a umírat s průběhem času.
** Teplejší voda podporuje rychlejší rozmnožování ryb.
** Studenější voda podporuje rychlejší rozmnožování žraloků.
** Vyšší úroveň znečištění zpomaluje proces rozmnožování ryb a žraloků, ale naopak urychluje rozmnožování rostlin.

* Uživatel má možnost nastavit počet ryb, rostlin, žraloků, teplotu vody a úroveň znečištění při spuštění simulace.
* Tato simualce umožňuje uživateli zkoumat, jak různé konfigurace parametrů ovlivňují stabilitu a dynamiku ekosystému a mohla by být modifikována a použita k modelování reálných vodních systémů.

[[User:DariaTut|DariaTut]] ([[User talk:DariaTut|talk]]) 10:47, 18 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Kubs09 - Simulace chování cestujících na Hlavním nádraží ==

<div>
*Téma: Chování cestujících při nastupování na vlaky na celém Hlavním nádraží
*Využití: Mohli by využít například České dráhy/správci hlavního nádraží k lepšímu korigování vlaků a jejich polohy příjezdů.
*Metoda: Agent-based modelling, Netlogo
*Proměnné:
**Počet cestujících
**Počet vlaků
**Jízdní řád (odjezdy/příjezdy vlaků)
**Zpoždění (náhodné)
**jeKolize
**jeZpoždění

* Zdroje: Pro tuto simulaci by byly využity zdroje, převážně na Google Scholar, případně vědecké články nalezené v E- knihovně VŠE

[[User:Kubs09|Kubs09]] ([[User talk:Kubs09|talk]]) 09:02, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Vysj06 - Simulace zemědělské výroby a klimatických změn ==

<div>
*Cíl simulace: Modelovat dopad klimatických změn na zemědělskou výrobu, včetně úrodnosti půdy, výnosů plodin a zavlažování
*Využití: Poskytnout zemědělcům, vědcům a politikům nástroje pro lepší plánování a adaptaci na klimatické změny.
*Metoda: Agent-based modelování, využití NetLogo.
*Proměnné:
**Typy plodin (obilí, zelenina, ovoce).
**Půdní podmínky a jejich změny.
**Množství a rozložení srážek.
**Teplotní změny.
**Zavlažovací metody a jejich efektivita.

*Data: Založeno na reálných klimatických a zemědělských datech, včetně historických trendů a předpovědí. Možnost konfigurace parametrů.
*Výstup: Simulace poskytne uživatelům možnost vizualizace a porozumění vlivu různých klimatických scénářů na zemědělskou produkci a možné adaptační strategie.

[[User:Vysj06|Vysj06]] ([[User talk:Vysj06|talk]]) 14:58, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Doba00 - Pricing in the Food Industry ==

<div>
*Simulation: The simulation will model the dynamics of food prices in the food industry, focusing on the interactions between different factors influencing it.
** Can be used by policymakers in the food industry to better evaluate policy proposals.
**Incorporated variables: production costs, inflation rates, consumer demand, policy interventions
**Random variables: weather

*Goal: The goal of the simulation is to analyze the factors influencing food prices and to evaluate the stability and resilience of the food industry's pricing system under different scenarios.

*Method: Vensim

*Data: https://www.czso.cz/

*Author: [[User:Doba00|Doba00]] ([[User talk:Doba00|talk]]) 16:25, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Tata05 - Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ==

<div>
*Problem definition: I want to simulate the process of the Life cycle of processing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and increasing the stored carbon dioxide on the ocean floor. This process influences ocean acidification and affects the entire climate. The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere wherever air meets water. Regarding scientists oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump.
*Method: Agent-based simulation, Vensim.
*Variabels:
**Solar Energy
**Atmospheric CO2
**Changes in temperature
**Change in water acidity
**CO2 dissolving
**Carbon capture and storage
*Resource: Information from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Nasa Global Climate

*Author: [[User:Tata05| Tata05]] ([[User talk:Tata05|talk]]) 16:46, 19 December 2023 (CET)

Assignments WS 2023/2024

2023-12-19T15:45:42Z

Tata05:

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, put here your assignments. Do not forget to sign them. You can use <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> (four tildas) for an automatic signature. Use Show preview in order to check the result before your final sumbition.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Please, strive to formulate your assignment carefully. We expect an adequate effort to formulate the assignment as it is your semestral paper. Do not forget that your main goal is a research paper. It means your simulation model must generate the results that are specific, measurable and verifiable. Think twice how you will develop your model, which entities you will use, draw a model diagram, consider what you will measure. No sooner than when you have a good idea about the model, submit your assignment. And of course, read [[How to deal with the simulation assignment|How to deal with the simulation assignment]].
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
Topics on gambling, cards, etc. are not welcome.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| type = content
| text = <div>
In order to avoid possible confusion, please, check if you have added '''approved''' in bold somewhere in our comment under your submission. If there is no '''approved''', it means the assignment was not approved yet.
</div>
}}

{{Ambox
| text = <div>
'''Criteria for evaluation of the simulation proposal'''

The proposal must contain:
*What you will simulate
*The goal of the simulation (what you analyze - i.e. not "to simulate balloon factory", but what problem should the simulation solve).
*Who would actually use such simulation (example of such user) and how would it help him
*What method and simulation environment you plan to use. Choose only from the development environments that we have used in the course.
*What variables will be incorporated
*What variables will be random
*What exact data you will base values of your variables on
*(In case of Monte Carlo) What exact data you will base your determination of probability distribution of your random variables on
*What exact data you will base your formulas in the simulation (simulation behavior) on

'''If any of the above points are missing from the simulation proposal, the proposal is considered incomplete. Unless the proposal contains all of the above points it will not be evaluated at all (and therefore cannot be approved).'''

# Is it clear from the proposed assignment how the simulation will work?
# Does the simulation make sense?
# Is the simulation model complex enough to simulate credibly the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the data used real and relevant for the real-world phenomenon that the simulation tries to simulate?
# Is the simulation feasible? (in given time by the course)

'''If the answer to any of the above points is no, you need to improve your proposal. Don't wait for us to tell you so - you're wasting your time.'''

</div>
}}

== Kopd05 - Simulace šíření pandemie ==

<div>
*Cílem simulace bude zkoupání šíření různých virů, podle jejich koeficientu šíření, uzdravování či úmrtnosti.
*Simulaci mohou využívat epidemiologové, ke zkoumání šířitelnosti virů a predikci vývoje pandemie.
*Simulace bude vypracována pomoci NetLogo - Agent based modelu
*V simulaci budou následující proměnné:
**Rychlost šíření viru
**Šance na uzdravení jedince
**Riziko smrti
**Počet jedinců
**Počet nakažených
**% imunních jedinců (náhodná)
**Rychlost vakcinace
**jeImunní
**jeNakažený
**jeOčkovaný
**šanceNaUzdravení (náhodná)

* Data mohou být založena na reálných datech o virech, či mohou být nastaveny individuálně. <br>Například šiřitelnost virusu bude založena na reprodukčním čísle R (lze dohledat na internetu)

* Vše bude založeno na volně dostupných datech online, které souvisí s daným tématem, virem, apod.

[[User:Kopd05|Kopd05]] ([[User talk:Kopd05|talk]]) 21:02, 12 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Tutd00 - Simulace vodního ekosystému ==

<div>
*Simulace je inspirována klasickým modelem "predátor a kořist". Cílem je modelovat chování ryb, rostlin a predátorů v generovaném vodním prostředí.
*Simulace bude vypracována pomoci NetLogo - Agent based modelu
*V simulaci budou následující proměnné:
** Teplota vody
** Úroveň znečištění
** Počet ryb
** Počet žraloků
** Počet rostlin
** a také proměnné, které se odvíjí od základních: počet mrtvých ryb a žraloků, počet sežraných rostlin

* Pravidla:
** Ryby konzumují rostliny. Pokud ryba nesní žádnou rostlinu, ztrácí na síle a nakonec zemře.
** Žraloci loví ryby. Pokud žralok neuloví žádnou rybu, zemře.
** Ryby, rostliny a zraloci mají možnost rozmnožovat se a umírat s průběhem času.
** Teplejší voda podporuje rychlejší rozmnožování ryb.
** Studenější voda podporuje rychlejší rozmnožování žraloků.
** Vyšší úroveň znečištění zpomaluje proces rozmnožování ryb a žraloků, ale naopak urychluje rozmnožování rostlin.

* Uživatel má možnost nastavit počet ryb, rostlin, žraloků, teplotu vody a úroveň znečištění při spuštění simulace.
* Tato simualce umožňuje uživateli zkoumat, jak různé konfigurace parametrů ovlivňují stabilitu a dynamiku ekosystému a mohla by být modifikována a použita k modelování reálných vodních systémů.

[[User:DariaTut|DariaTut]] ([[User talk:DariaTut|talk]]) 10:47, 18 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Kubs09 - Simulace chování cestujících na Hlavním nádraží ==

<div>
*Téma: Chování cestujících při nastupování na vlaky na celém Hlavním nádraží
*Využití: Mohli by využít například České dráhy/správci hlavního nádraží k lepšímu korigování vlaků a jejich polohy příjezdů.
*Metoda: Agent-based modelling, Netlogo
*Proměnné:
**Počet cestujících
**Počet vlaků
**Jízdní řád (odjezdy/příjezdy vlaků)
**Zpoždění (náhodné)
**jeKolize
**jeZpoždění

* Zdroje: Pro tuto simulaci by byly využity zdroje, převážně na Google Scholar, případně vědecké články nalezené v E- knihovně VŠE

[[User:Kubs09|Kubs09]] ([[User talk:Kubs09|talk]]) 09:02, 19 December 2023 (CET)
</div>

== Vysj06 - Simulace zemědělské výroby a klimatických změn ==

<div>
*Cíl simulace: Modelovat dopad klimatických změn na zemědělskou výrobu, včetně úrodnosti půdy, výnosů plodin a zavlažování
*Využití: Poskytnout zemědělcům, vědcům a politikům nástroje pro lepší plánování a adaptaci na klimatické změny.
*Metoda: Agent-based modelování, využití NetLogo.
*Proměnné:
**Typy plodin (obilí, zelenina, ovoce).
**Půdní podmínky a jejich změny.
**Množství a rozložení srážek.
**Teplotní změny.
**Zavlažovací metody a jejich efektivita.

*Data: Založeno na reálných klimatických a zemědělských datech, včetně historických trendů a předpovědí. Možnost konfigurace parametrů.
*Výstup: Simulace poskytne uživatelům možnost vizualizace a porozumění vlivu různých klimatických scénářů na zemědělskou produkci a možné adaptační strategie.

[[User:Vysj06|Vysj06]] ([[User talk:Vysj06|talk]]) 14:58, 19 December 2023 (CET)
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== Doba00 - Pricing in the Food Industry ==

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*Simulation: The simulation will model the dynamics of food prices in the food industry, focusing on the interactions between different factors influencing it.
** Can be used by policymakers in the food industry to better evaluate policy proposals.
**Incorporated variables: production costs, inflation rates, consumer demand, policy interventions
**Random variables: weather

*Goal: The goal of the simulation is to analyze the factors influencing food prices and to evaluate the stability and resilience of the food industry's pricing system under different scenarios.

*Method: Vensim

*Data: https://www.czso.cz/

*Author: [[User:Doba00|Doba00]] ([[User talk:Doba00|talk]]) 16:25, 19 December 2023 (CET)
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== Tata05 - Simulation of the Ocean Carbon Uptake and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ==

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*Problem definition: I want to simulate the process of the Life cycle of processing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and increasing the stored carbon dioxide on the ocean floor. This process influences ocean acidification and affects the entire climate. The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere wherever air meets water. Regarding scientists oceans absorb 30% of our emissions, driven by a huge carbon pump.
*Method: Agent-based simulation, Vensim.
*Variabels:
**Solar Energy
**Atmospheric CO2
**Changes in temperature
**Change in water acidity
**CO2 dissolving
**Carbon capture and storage
*Resource: Information from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Nasa Global Climate

*Author: [[User:Tata05| Tata05]]